Ch 23 Neurologic System Flashcards

0
Q

Broca’s area

A

In the frontal lobe it mediates motor speech

When injured in the dominant hemisphere, expressive aphasia results (the person cannot talk but can understand language)

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1
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

In the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension.

When damaged in the persons dominant hemisphere, receptive aphasia results. (The person hears sound but it has no meaning)

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2
Q

Dermal segmentation

A

Is the cutaneous distribution of the various spinal nerves

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3
Q

Dermatome

A

Is circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve

  1. A band or region of skin supplied by a single sensory nerve.
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4
Q

Syncope

A

A sudden loss of strength, a temporary loss of consciousness (a faint)!due to lack of cerebral blood flow eg low BP

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5
Q

Vertigo

A

Is the rotational spinning caused by neurologic disease in the vestibular apparatus in the ear or in the vestibular nuclei in the brain stem

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6
Q

Seizures

A

Occur with epilepsy, a paroxysmal disease characterized by altered or loss of consciousness, involuntary muscle movements and sensory disturbances

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7
Q

Aura

A

Is a subjective sensation that precedes a seizure; it could be auditory, visual, or motor

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8
Q

Tremor

A

Is an involuntary shaking, vibrating, or trembling

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9
Q

Paresis

A

Is a partial or incomplete paralysis

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10
Q

Paralysis

A

Is a loss of motor function due to lesion in the neurologic or muscular system or loss of sensory innervation

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11
Q

Dysmetria

A

Is the inability to control range of motion of muscles

Is clumsy movement with overshooting the mark and occurs with cerebellum disorders or acute alcohol intoxication

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12
Q

Paresthesia

A

Is an abnormal sensation that results from injury to one or more nerves. It is often described by patients as numbness and tingling, or as a prickly, stinging, or burning feeling.

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13
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty forming words

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14
Q

Dysphasia

A

is difficultly with language comprehension or expression

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15
Q

Lead effect on child

A

Chronically elevated lead levels may cause developmental delay, a loss of newly acquired skill or no clinical signs may be present

16
Q

Diminished Cerebral Blood Flow

A

Diminished vestibular response may produce staggering with position change, which increases risk of falls

17
Q

Hypoalgesia

Analgesia

Hyperalgesia

A

Decreased pain sensation

absent pain sensation

Increased pain sensation

18
Q

Clonus

A

Is a set of rapid rhythmic contractions of the same muscle

19
Q

Hyperreflexia

A

Is the exaggerated reflex seen when the monosynaptic reflex arc is released from the usually inhibiting influence of higher cortical levels this occurs with upper motor neuron lesions

Ex brain attack

20
Q

Hyporeflexia

A

Which is the absence of reflex, is lower motor neuron problem it occurs with interpretation of sensory adherents or destruction of motor efferent a and anterior horn cells

Ex spinal cord injury

21
Q

Neurologic examination sequence

A
  1. Mental status
  2. Cranial nerves
  3. Motor system
  4. Sensory system
  5. Reflexes

Position the person sitting up with the head at your eye level

22
Q

Screening neurologic examination

A

Seemingly well persons who have no significant subjective findings from history

23
Q

Complete neurologic examination

A

On persons who no neurologic concerns or who have shown signs of neurologic dysfunction

24
Neurologic recheck
On persons with demonstrated neurologic deficits who require periodic assessments Sequence examination 1. Level of consciousness 2. Motor function 3. Pupillary response 4. Vital signs
25
Anosmia
Loss of smell occurs bilaterally with tobacco smoking allergic rhinitis and cocaine use Unilateral loss of smell in the absence of nasal disease is neurogenic anosmia
26
Nystagmus
Is the back and forth movement of the eyes
27
Ptosis
Dropping of eyelid
28
Strabismus
Deviated gaze A disorder of the eye in which optic axes cannot be directed to the same object.
29
Plegia
I'm is the absence of strength (muscles)
30
Ataxia
Uncoordinated or unsteady gait
31
Past pointing
Is a constant deviation to one side
32
Hypoesthesia Anesthesia Hyperesthesia
Decreased touch sensation Absent touch Increased touch sensation
33
Stereognosis
Test persons ability to recognize objects by feeling their form size and weight with eyes closed Astereognosis inability to object correctly occurs in sensory cortex lesions
34
Chorea
Sudden rapid jerky purposeless movement involving limbs trunk or face
35
Athetosis
Slow twisting writhing continuous movement resembling a snake or worm
36
Hypotonia Hypertonia
Flaccidity decreased muscle tone feel limp soft and flabby Spasticity increased tone increased resistance to passive lengthily then may suddenly give way
37
Myoclonus I
Rapid sudden jerk or short series of jerks at fairly regular intervals ex. Is a hiccup which is myoclonus of diaphragm