Ch 23 Neurologic System Flashcards
Broca’s area
In the frontal lobe it mediates motor speech
When injured in the dominant hemisphere, expressive aphasia results (the person cannot talk but can understand language)
Wernicke’s Area
In the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension.
When damaged in the persons dominant hemisphere, receptive aphasia results. (The person hears sound but it has no meaning)
Dermal segmentation
Is the cutaneous distribution of the various spinal nerves
Dermatome
Is circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve
- A band or region of skin supplied by a single sensory nerve.
Syncope
A sudden loss of strength, a temporary loss of consciousness (a faint)!due to lack of cerebral blood flow eg low BP
Vertigo
Is the rotational spinning caused by neurologic disease in the vestibular apparatus in the ear or in the vestibular nuclei in the brain stem
Seizures
Occur with epilepsy, a paroxysmal disease characterized by altered or loss of consciousness, involuntary muscle movements and sensory disturbances
Aura
Is a subjective sensation that precedes a seizure; it could be auditory, visual, or motor
Tremor
Is an involuntary shaking, vibrating, or trembling
Paresis
Is a partial or incomplete paralysis
Paralysis
Is a loss of motor function due to lesion in the neurologic or muscular system or loss of sensory innervation
Dysmetria
Is the inability to control range of motion of muscles
Is clumsy movement with overshooting the mark and occurs with cerebellum disorders or acute alcohol intoxication
Paresthesia
Is an abnormal sensation that results from injury to one or more nerves. It is often described by patients as numbness and tingling, or as a prickly, stinging, or burning feeling.
Dysarthria
Difficulty forming words
Dysphasia
is difficultly with language comprehension or expression
Lead effect on child
Chronically elevated lead levels may cause developmental delay, a loss of newly acquired skill or no clinical signs may be present
Diminished Cerebral Blood Flow
Diminished vestibular response may produce staggering with position change, which increases risk of falls
Hypoalgesia
Analgesia
Hyperalgesia
Decreased pain sensation
absent pain sensation
Increased pain sensation
Clonus
Is a set of rapid rhythmic contractions of the same muscle
Hyperreflexia
Is the exaggerated reflex seen when the monosynaptic reflex arc is released from the usually inhibiting influence of higher cortical levels this occurs with upper motor neuron lesions
Ex brain attack
Hyporeflexia
Which is the absence of reflex, is lower motor neuron problem it occurs with interpretation of sensory adherents or destruction of motor efferent a and anterior horn cells
Ex spinal cord injury
Neurologic examination sequence
- Mental status
- Cranial nerves
- Motor system
- Sensory system
- Reflexes
Position the person sitting up with the head at your eye level
Screening neurologic examination
Seemingly well persons who have no significant subjective findings from history
Complete neurologic examination
On persons who no neurologic concerns or who have shown signs of neurologic dysfunction
Neurologic recheck
On persons with demonstrated neurologic deficits who require periodic assessments
Sequence examination
- Level of consciousness
- Motor function
- Pupillary response
- Vital signs
Anosmia
Loss of smell occurs bilaterally with tobacco smoking allergic rhinitis and cocaine use
Unilateral loss of smell in the absence of nasal disease is neurogenic anosmia
Nystagmus
Is the back and forth movement of the eyes
Ptosis
Dropping of eyelid
Strabismus
Deviated gaze A disorder of the eye in which optic axes cannot be directed to the same object.
Plegia
I’m is the absence of strength (muscles)
Ataxia
Uncoordinated or unsteady gait
Past pointing
Is a constant deviation to one side
Hypoesthesia
Anesthesia
Hyperesthesia
Decreased touch sensation
Absent touch
Increased touch sensation
Stereognosis
Test persons ability to recognize objects by feeling their form size and weight with eyes closed
Astereognosis inability to object correctly occurs in sensory cortex lesions
Chorea
Sudden rapid jerky purposeless movement involving limbs trunk or face
Athetosis
Slow twisting writhing continuous movement resembling a snake or worm
Hypotonia
Hypertonia
Flaccidity decreased muscle tone feel limp soft and flabby
Spasticity increased tone increased resistance to passive lengthily then may suddenly give way
Myoclonus I
Rapid sudden jerk or short series of jerks at fairly regular intervals ex. Is a hiccup which is myoclonus of diaphragm
