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Micro > Ch. 23 Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Ch. 23 Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the causative agents for Puerperal Sepsis (Child Born Fever)?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes causes an infection of the uterus causing the baby to be born or causes an abortion

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2
Q

what is the causative agents of Rheumatic Fever?

A

Streptococcal pyogenes causes an automimmune infection affecting he heart’s valves

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3
Q

What is the causative agent and characteristics of tularemia?

A
  • caused by Francisella tularensis Gram (-) rod
  • Often called Rabbit Fever from contact
  • ulcer on the skin
  • lymph nodes will contain pus
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4
Q

What are the causative agents and characteristics of brucellosis (Undulant Fever)?

A
  • Human cases are usually not fatal, but persist by evading the immune system leading to a chronic condition
    1. Brucella abortus (cattle)
    2. Brucelles Suis (swine)
    3. Brucella Melitensis (goats & sheep but mostly human cases)
  • Long-term antibiotic therapy to treat
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of anthrax?

A
  • caused by Bacills anthracis
    • gram +, Endospore forming aerobic rod
  • protective antigen that binds the toxins to target cells, permitting their entry
  • Bacteria multiply, kill the macrophage, enter the bloodstream and release toxins
  • exotoxins primary virulence
    • Edema toxin - local swelling, interferes with phagocytosis
    • Lethal toxin - targets and kills macrophages
  • inhalation is 100% lethal
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Gangrene?

A
  • Death by soft tissue due to ischemia or bacterial infection
  • producing gas from fermented carbohydrates
  • Found in soil and intestinal tract of humans
  • treated in hyperbaric chamber is in abdominal or reproductive cavity
  • caused by Clostridium perfringens
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of rat-bite fever disease?

A
  • caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis (US) & Spirillum minus (soduku)
  • gram negative, aerobic
  • pathogen ingested = Haverhill fever
  • Potential patients are lab workers, pet owners, pet store workers and people in substandard housing
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of cat-scratch fever?

A
  • aerobic, gram +, Bartonella henselae
  • fleas transmit infection between cats and their scratches
  • S&S: papule at the site of infection followed by swelling of lymph nodes malaise and fever
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Plague?

A
  • caused by Yersinia pestis
  • caused by fleas regurgitating ingested blood
  • proliferates inside phagocytic cells
  • Swelling of lymph nodes is called Buboes
  • endemic in rats, found on ground squirrels & prairie dogs
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Lyme-disease

A
  • caused by Borrelia burgdorferi
    • 1st phase Bulls eye rash (antibiotics = effectiveness)
    • 2nd phase - Irregular Heartbeat, incapacitating and chronic neurological symptoms
    • 3rd phase- months to a year- arthritis may occur due to inflammation
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A
  • is caused by Rickettsia rickettsia
  • Despite its name, it is most common in southeastern states and Appalachia
  • Rickettsia is a parasite of ticks and is passed from one generation to another through eggs - transovarian passage
  • a measles-like rash appears, except that the rash also appears on the palms and soles.
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A
  • is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (herpesvirus)
  • Virus is present in human adults worldwide and typically is harmless
  • HHV-4 AKA
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13
Q

what are the characteristics of infectious Mononucleosis?

A
  • is caused Esptein-Barr virus
  • Characterized by fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and general weakness
  • EB virus replicates in resting memory B cells
  • Form unusual lobed nuclei
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14
Q

What are the viral hemorrhagic fevers?

A
  • Symptoms start mild, then progress to high fever, then vomiting of blood and profuse bleeding internally and externally from openings such as the nose and eyes (in the worst cases)
  • Yellow fever (Flavivirus) – carried by a mosquito
  • Dengue fever (Flavivirus) – carried by a mosquito
  • Marburg virus – monkey reservoir; (Green monkey virus)
  • Lassa fever – Arenavirus found in rodent urine, rodent reservoir
  • Ebola hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus – fruit bat reservoir
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15
Q

What are the causative agents and characteristics of malaria?

A
  • Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes
  • Four major forms:
    • Plasmodium vivax: mildest and most prevalent form; dormant in the liver
    • Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae: benign; restricted geographically
    • Plasmodium falciparum: most deadly; severe anemia; blocks capillaries
  • Binary Fisson in Liver Cells, resulting in the release of merozoites
  • Merozoites infect RBCs and lysis them releasing toxin
  • Causes paroxysms
  • Signs and symptoms – General illness w/ severe headache that alternates 2 to 3 days on and off
  • Plasmodium rapidly mutates and evades an immune response
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16
Q

What are the causative agents and characteristics of leishmaniasis?

A
  • Transmitted via sandflies
  • spreads also by shared needles, contaminated blood,
  • Leishmania donovani (visceral leishmaniasis) – parasites invade internal organs
  • Leishmania tropica (cutaneous leishmaniasis) forms a papule that ulcerates and leaves scar
  • Leishmania braziliensis (mucocutaneous leishmaniasis) – affects the mucous membranes
17
Q

Gram-Negative Sepsis

A
  • AKA endotoxin shock
  • Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) are released upon the lysis of the cell and cause a severe drop in blood pressure
  • Antibiotics can worsen the condition by killing bacteria
  • Treatment involves neutralizing the LPS components and inflammatory-causing cytokines
18
Q

Gram-Positive Sepsis

A
  • Most common cause of sepsis
  • Both staphylococcus and streptococcus produce potent exotoxins that cause toxic shock syndrome
  • Healthcare-associated infections are particular risk for patients who undergo regular dialysis
  • Enterococci are responsible for many healthcare-associated infections
  • Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis -
    • Inhabit the colon and frequently contaminate skin.
    • Colonize wounds and the urinary tract.
    • Naturally resistant to many antibiotics
  • Group B streptococci (GBS) -
    • Streptococcus agalactiae
    • Most common cause of life-threatening neonatal sepsis
    • CDC recommends that pregnant women be tested for vaginal GBS and be offer antibiotics during labor, if positive
19
Q

Puerperal Sepsis

A
  • Also called puerperal fever and childbirth fever
  • Infection of the uterus as a result of childbirth or abortion
  • Transmitted by the hands and instruments of attending midwives or physicians
20
Q

what are the causative agents and characteristics of Schistosomiasis

A
  • Schistosoma haematobium: sometimes is called urinary schistosomiasis
  • Schistosoma japonicum: intestinal inflammation; Asia.
    • Schistosoma mansoni: intestinal inflammation; South America
  • The adult worm is unaffected by the host’s immune system
  • Treated with praziquantel
  • Sanitation and elimination of the host snail are useful form of control

Micro (11 decks)

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