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Drive To Survive > ch 23-26 > Flashcards

ch 23-26 Flashcards

1
Q

NFPA 1451

A

Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program
- provides guidance on how hose loading operations should take place
- driver trainers should only be qualified members

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2
Q

NPFA 1002

A

Standard for Fire Department Drive/Operator Professional Qualifications

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3
Q

NFPA 1500

A

Standard for Fire Department Occupational Health and Safety Program
- requires FDs using data recorders to have a policy that requires written procedure for uploading, monitoring, and review the data

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4
Q

NFPA 1041

A

Standard for Fire Service Instructor Professional Qualifications
- driver trainers should at minimum, have Instructor 1

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5
Q

NFPA 1521

A

Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer

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6
Q

Only time FFs are allowed to stand on the tail step, side steps, or running boards while in motion…

A
  • loading hose back into the apparatus
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7
Q

FFs only allowed to stand on moving apparatus during hose loading after these conditions are met…

A
  • FD has written procedure, outlining safety requirements and all of the ffs involved must be trained on them
  • assigned designated safety observer w/ a clear/unobstructed view of the operation and maintain visual and voice communication w/ apparatus operator. Has the ability to immediately stop operation
  • all civilian traffic must be excluded from the area. If not feasible, traffic must be under dire control of someone authorized to control traffic (police/fire officer)
  • apparatus should never go faster than 5mph
  • no member shall stand in the hose bed area
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8
Q

securing hose loads

A
  • NFPA requires all apparatus to have a hose storage area equipped w/ a positive means to prevent the unintentional deployment of hose from the top, sides, front, and rear
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9
Q

are wheel chocks optional?

A
  • NOT OPTIONAL
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10
Q

wheel chock height

A
  • should be 1/4 the height of the tire
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11
Q

types of wheel chocks

A
  • contoured chock fits better than pyramid chock
  • aluminum chocks have better gripping abilities and won’t compress under heavy weight
  • rubber/plastic chocks are lighter but worse gripping abilities on cold, icy, or slippery surfaces. May also compress or lose shape over time
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12
Q

proper use of wheel chocks

A
  • no space b/t chock and tire face
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13
Q

reasons the parking brake may fail

A
  • operator error:
    1. may forget or not completely engage
    2. release may be knocked accidentally
    3. if PTO pump not engaged correctly, truck may lurch or move forward while throttling
  • mechanical failure:
    1. contaminants such as water, salt, and de-icing chemcials enter the chamber causing the power spring to corrode
    2. sag loss- loss in parking brake power from age and use
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14
Q

vehicle data recorders

A
  • “black box”
  • can be an extremely useful teaching and investigative tool
  • NFPA 1901 requires…
    1. that data be readily accessible w/o expensive, proprietary software an
    2. the device to record the following info at least once a second and store in a 48-hr loop:
    • speed, acceleration, deceleration, engine speed, ABS event, seat occupied status, master optical warning device switch, time, date
  • NFPA 1500 requires FDs using data recorders to have a policy that requires written procedure for uploading, monitoring, and review the data
  • civilian cars have had them since the early 90’s, “Event Data Recorders”, they deploy airbags and crash avoidance equipment, will record 5 sec of pre-impact data
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15
Q

on-board video systems

A
  • better option for IDing and resolving issues related to unsafe driving
  • provides objective, first-hand account
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16
Q

a driver in training should not operate vehicles without…

A

another qualified driver by their side

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17
Q

the definitive NFPA standards for driver training and vehicle operation (3)

A
  • NFPA 1002: Standard for Fire Department Drive/Operator Professional Qualifications
  • NFPA 1451: Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program
  • NFPA 1500: Standard for Fire Department Occupational Health and Safety Program
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18
Q

standard operating policies and procedures

A
  • should emphasize 1st priority as safety
  • policy: what the department wants members to do
  • procedures: how it should be done
  • driver training programs should have strict policies and procedures on who can drive and the tests used to qualify them
  • means for FD admin to manage and direct when they’re not present
  • holding members accountable will reinforce that FD admin take safe vehicle operations very serious
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19
Q

writing policy and procedure manual

A
  • The International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC), the International Association of FFs, and numerous insurance companies have created easy to follow templates
  • asking input of members will give more buy-in
  • living document that should evaluated every year
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20
Q

selecting instructors

A
  • NFPA 1451 “Standard for Fire Service Instructor Professional Qualifications” states driver trainers should only be qualified members
  • NFPA 1041 “Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program” states having a minimum of Instructor 1
  • helpful to have them certified by outside agency
21
Q

lesson plans ensure…

A
  • apparatus operators are trained in a safe and consistent fashion in accordance w/ policies
22
Q

selecting the fire apparatus operator

A
  • most important trait is their attitude: calm, professional demeanor
  • strong-willed so they won’t fold under peer pressure
  • should have clean driving record, disciplinary record and ability to remain calm under pressure
23
Q

motor vehicle record checks

A
  • FD must ensure that drivers has valid license appropriate for the class of vehicle
  • NFPA requires drivers to notify FD if license is no longer valid
  • FDs should conduct drivers license checks on all employees twice a year
24
Q

medical surveillance

A
  • drivers should have annual physicals
  • including vision, BP, sugar, and any other issues that could affect ability to drive
  • discuss prescriptions
25
Q

training records

A
  • FDs should maintain meticulous training records
  • including which apparatus driver is certified to drive, initial training, annual training, license status and info, and annual medical reports
26
Q

training the driver

A
  • thorough knowledge of every gauge, lever, button, and moving part
  • how to conduct basic tests, inspections, and servicing and the hazards associated
  • how the vehicle works and ability to recognize when things are going wrong
  • understands local, state, and federal DOT laws and regs for operation of emergency vehicle
  • policies and procedures
  • inform that an act of negligence may void protection of worker’s comp and liability ins
  • issues associated w/ accelerating, braking and turn a large vehicle
  • new driver should never be cut loose on his own before making several emergency responses w/ qualified instructor
27
Q

ongoing training

A
  • if not trained on a truck, shouldn’t be driving it
  • formal training on new trucks
  • NFPA requires formal hands-on training at least twice a year and receive annual re-authorization to drive each rig
28
Q

“challenge and response”

A
  • mentioned by NFPA
  • when approaching a hazard, officer should ask what the driver intends to do
  • helps ensure more than one set of eyes on the hazard
  • helps prevent driver from tunnel vision
  • solidifies a driving team
29
Q

safety procedures before conducting driver training exercises

A
  • NFPA 1451 “Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program” states a safety officer must monitor the driver training program and ensure all rules and procedures are properly followed
  • procedures:
    1. separating vehicles in safe areas if more than one
    2. agreement on hand signals
    3. control of all member and trucks that will operate in training area
    4. adequate number of instructors and safety personnel
    5. pre-trip inspection of each vehicle
30
Q

special hazard training

A

NFPA 1451 “Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program” requires training on specific hazards related to fire apparatus operations located in Appendix B
- Hazards:
1. trained to inspect and ID all pinch and crush points (aerial ladder, hydraulic ladder racks) and FD implements procedures to avoid them
2. recognize and avoid danger of climbing aerial while being extended or retracted
3. trained to recognize location of air intake, during embers ingested can cause fire
4. dangers of operating diesel engine around fuel vapors: they don’t require spark to ignite, engine may incr speed uncontrollably, only way to shut down the motor is to shut off the air intake to the motor
5. proper methods of eliminating pressure in hose line before removing inlet or discharge caps
6. safe operation of aerial device
7. safely enter/exit cab and stairs/steps/ladders on vehicle: face truck at all times and 3 points of contact

31
Q

risk management programs must be evaluated for their effectiveness a minimum of every __ years

A

3
(NFPA 1451) Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program

32
Q

training ideas: g-meters

A
  • can help relates physical sensation of G’s to the actual reading
33
Q

training ideas: speed

A
  • gps on officer side, cover speedometer and randomly ask how fast they’re going
34
Q

“sirencide”

A
  • driving faster than they think they’re driving
35
Q

training ideas: stopping distance

A
  • compare apparatus to standard car in open lot
36
Q

training ideas: night driving and visibility

A
  • in a dark area, have member walk until not longer able to be determined as a pedestrian, measure the distance
37
Q

training ideas: inclement weather

A
  • practice non-emergency driving in bad weather to gain confidence
38
Q

1st priority of FFs involved in a crash

A
  • care and safety of those involved
  • treat and triage anyone injured
  • officer size up of scene stability, number/location/severity of PTs, entrapped victims
39
Q

if crash occurs in unsafe location and both vehicles are operable…

A
  • if possible, take a quick picture of the scene for evidence
    -move to a safe location
40
Q

crash investigation

A
  • take quick picture if possible
  • proper preservation of crash-related evidence will go a long way in assisting
  • secure in place for later documentation, treated no different than a crime scene
41
Q

after crash scene is secured, who shouldn’t lead or perform investigation?

A
  • the members involved
  • conflict of interest
  • they should walk investigator around scene, pointing out what they saw
42
Q

evidence at crash scene

A
  • should be photographed, measured, and documented
  • gouge: deep scar or chop in road, often where the collision occurred (max engagement)
  • scratches: not as deep, caused by car parts dragging, can help determine path
  • skid marks: tire sliding across road, can be before or after impact, can help determine speed
    -offset skid marks: sudden change in direction, point where the skidding vehicle struck object
    yaw mark: when vehicle spins, usually when hit on front or rear quarter panel
  • fluids and debris: fluid trails help ID path
  • furrows: marks on soft shoulder
  • coefficient of friction
43
Q

statements after crash

A
  • should be done immediately
  • where criminal charges could be filed against the driver, certain procedures must be followed to ensure their right to due process isn’t violated
44
Q

video and electronic data after crash

A
  • possibly atm cameras or factory installed black box
45
Q

siren audibility and warning lights after crash

A
  • determine when civilian would have been able to see and hear warning lights and sirens
  • sound level meter
46
Q

vehicle records and inspections after crash

A
  • detailed record of maintenance done in accordance w/ NFPA on vehicle by qualified technicians are important for investigation and lawsuit
47
Q

NFPA crash reporting requirements

A
  • addressed in NFPA 1451 “Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program”, Ch 9
  • states that all crashes, injuries, fatalities, near misses, and violations of rules or laws must be investigated to determine root cause. Once ID’d, corrective actions must be taken to prevent it
  • safety officer ultimately responsible
  • these reports and records must be maintained by the safety officer in accordance w/ NFPA 1521 “Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer”
  • employee records must include:
    1. on-duty crash Hx
    2. preventable vs non-preventable crashes
    3. remedial training recommended or received as result of a crash
    4. safety or crash review committee recommendations
    5. all investigative or review committee results
    6. employees driver’s license record
48
Q

employee records must include:

A
  1. on-duty crash Hx
  2. preventable vs non-preventable crashes
  3. remedial training recommended or received as result of a crash
  4. safety or crash review committee recommendations
  5. all investigative or review committee results
  6. employees driver’s license record

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