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History 1302 > Ch 23 & 24 > Flashcards

Ch 23 & 24 Flashcards

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1
Q

List the supporters and goals of Progressivism

A

GOALS:

  • Humanize big business
  • Investigate, educate, legislate
  • Enforce solution
  • Right to intervene
  • Government reforms
  • Purge sin (prostitution, drunkenness, sciences)

SUPPORT:
- Broad support
> middle class, farmers, skilled laborers, business community.

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2
Q

Name the amendment giving women the right to vote nationally.

A

19th Amendment

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3
Q

Describe the Progressive reforms in municipal government.

A
  • Control corporate activities
  • Regulation and restricted city franchises
  • Updated tax assessments (for the people)
  • Cleaned up electoral machinery
  • Developed civil service, planing and operations
  • Regulatory commissions
  • Municipal departments
  • Hired engineers for utility and water systems
  • Hired physicians to improve health
  • Hired city planners for parks and highways
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4
Q

Describe the Progressive reforms in state government.

A
  • Regulating child/women labor
  • Regulatory railroad/utility commissions
  • Corporate/inheritance tax
  • Improve mental/penal institutions
  • State inverse ties
  • Regulated business with commissions to examine corporate books and public holdings
  • Pioneered regulatory methods
  • Backed 3 measures: initiative (voters can propose new laws), referendum (allowed them to accept/reject laws vai voting), recall (removal of politician).
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5
Q

Discuss Theodore Roosevelt’s view of the presidency and his appointments as president.

A

PRESIDENCY:

  • Forum of ideas
  • Leadership
  • Steward of the people

ENLISTED:

  • Elihu Root: Secretary of War/State
  • Taft: Secretary of War
  • Pinchot: Chief forester and conservationist
  • Holmes, Jr.: Supreme Court
  • Several blacks to federal offices
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6
Q

Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s trust policy.

A
  • Trusts hurt general welfare
  • Large-scale reduction
  • Industrial growth good; needed to be controlled
  • Created Department of Commerce and Labor & Bureau of Corporations to investigate interstate commerce
  • Regulation best way to control big business
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7
Q

Name the first target of Theodore Roosevelt’s attack on trusts.

A

-Norther Securities Company (controls major railroads)

— For violating the Sherman Antitrust Act; monopolizing.

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8
Q

Explain the resolution of the anthracite coal miners’ strike of 1902.

A
  • Roosevelt called them to White House to settle (didn’t work)
  • Roosevelt ordered army to prepare to seize the mines
  • Leaked info to Wall Street
  • Companies settled, accepted an independent commission appointed by Roosevelt
  • Workers returned, 10% increase in pay and cut in hours, allowed to raise prices “Square Deal”
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9
Q

List the legislative accomplishments of Theodore Roosevelt’s terms.

A
  • Hepburn Act: Strengthened power of Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads
  • Meat Inspection Act
  • Pure Food and Drug Act
  • Reform program for railroad regulation
  • Employers’ liability for federal employees
  • Control over corporations, child labor
  • Factory inspections
  • Sum Clearance ***
  • Broadened power to oil pipelines, express, sleeping-car companies
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10
Q

Describe the conservation policies of Theodore Roosevelt.

A
  • Wise use, not locking away

- 45 mil acres of gov preserves before, 195 mil after

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11
Q

Discuss the issues over which the Republican Party split during Taft’s presidency.

A

1) Attempted to curb power from speaker of house Cannon (was dictating legislation)
2) Progressives (against high tariffs) urged Taft to defeat Cannon’s tariff proposals
3) Backed Payne-Aldrich Act
- Progressive against him from then on.
4) Taft sided with conservative Republicans
6) Taft’s Secretary of interior sold protected land for sale

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12
Q

Describe the effects of the Mann-Elkins Act.

A
  • Gave ICC power to set rates
  • Stiffened regulations
  • Telephone/telegraph now under ICC

POLITICAL:

  • Progressives happy, conservatives upset
  • Statehood for Arizona and New Mexico in exchange for Democrat support
  • Progressives defied Taft in key votes
  • Taft lost conservative seats to progressives
  • Republicans lost control of the House and Senate
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13
Q

Identify the candidates and the results of the presidential election of 1912. 🌟🌟

A

1) Roosevelt - Progressive Party
2) Taft - Republican
3) Wilson - Democrat
- Taft and Roosevelt ran against each other for Repub nomination
- Roosevelt lost, ran under Progressive party
- Taft gave up before campaign began
- Because the Republican voters were split, Wilson won.

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14
Q

List Wilson’s legislative accomplishments of 1913-1916.

A

1) Underwood Tariff Act: lowered tariff, removed duties from sugar, wool, other goods, modest income tax.
2) Federal Reserve Act
3) Clayton Antitrust Act: Prohibited unfair trade practices, monopolies.

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15
Q

Describe Wilson’s anti-progressive stands on legislation.

A
  • Against supporting minimum wage for women
  • Called child labor bills unconstitutional
  • Opposed credit for farmers
  • Against women’s sufferage
  • For segregation
  • Tariff Commission Act: recommended tariff rates
  • Revenue Act: raised income tax and furthered tax reform
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16
Q

Describe Theodore Roosevelt’s defense and foreign policies.

A
  • US should take active role, prepared US for world power
  • Modernized army, established Army War College
  • Consolidated U.S. position in Caribbean and Central America
  • Created Pan
17
Q

Discuss how the U.S. got Panama Canal.

A
  • Roosevelt offered 10mil + 250k rent for Panama to Colombia > they rejected
  • He got angry, threatened attack, suggested Panamanians revolt
  • Panama revolts, he protected them with US navy
  • Paid Panama same deal (Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty)
  • Panama got to keep independence
18
Q

Explain the Roosevelt Corollary.

A
  • Latin America owed debts to Europe > created instability around Panama
  • Corollary warns nations to keep their affairs in order or US would intervene
  • Panama defaulted in debts
  • Roosevelt took charge of Dominican Republic’s revenue, collected customs and used them to pay country’s debts.
19
Q

Describe the relations between the U.S. and Japan from 1900 to 1918.

A
  • Afraid of Japanese attack on Philippines
  • War between Russia and Japan > Japanese winning
  • Roosevelt offered to mediate conflict, ended war, but Japanese now dominant.
  • Taft-Katsura Agreement: recognizes Japan’s dominance over Korea in return for not invading Philippines.
  • Rot-Takahira Agreement: Maintain status quo in Pacific, uphold Open Door policy, and support Chinese independence.
20
Q

Explain the goals of Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”

A
  • Meant to promote U.S. financial and business interests abroad, esp. in Latin America
  • Supremacy in Caribbean
  • Taft worked to replace European loans with American ones > reduced danger of outside meddling
  • Argued dollar diplomacy was financial arm of the Open Door.
21
Q

Discuss Wilson’s initial foreign policy ideology.

A
  • Believed in ethical world in which militarism, colonialism, and war were brought under control.
  • Morality over material interest
  • Moral diplomacy to bring right to the world, peace, and extend democracy.
22
Q

Describe Wilson’s diplomacy prior to U.S. entry into World War I.

A
  • Help less favored nations
  • New approach with Latin America “human rights and national integrity”
  • Continued Reesevelt -Taft policies
  • Supported Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, intervened in Latin America more than any other president.
23
Q

Describe Wilson’s policy toward Mexico from 1913 to 1917.

A
  • General in Mexico murdered by usurper Huerta
  • Wilson wouldn’t recognize new government until they proved just and based upon law not force.
  • Wilson tried to oust Huerta > stationed ships to cut off arm shipments to Mexico
  • Wilson shelled Veracruz harbor and took city > retreated saying he only wanted to help
  • Huerta resigned, new gov recognized
  • Pancho Villa starts revolt killing Americans
  • Wilson wanted to help Mexicans achieve political and agrarian reform
  • Imposed progressive reform, interfered without thought
  • Moralism, pragmatic, self interest, and desire for peace.
24
Q

Discuss the diplomatic events of 1914 leading to World War I.

A
  • Wilson advisories sent to fact find in Europe
  • Germany’s Keizer jealous of world empires
  • Germany had treaties with Turkey, Austria-Hungary in Central European Empire
  • Britain, France, and Russia = Allied force
  • Assassination of heir to Austria-Hungarian throne killed by Serbia
    ^ Started war
    -America neutral
25
Q

Explain the basis of American support for Britain in 1914.

A
  • Tugged at emotions
  • Bound by Mormon language, institutions, and history.
  • Blamed Germany for war
  • Remembered France’s help in revolution
  • Germany violated treaty with France invading Belgium
  • Allied propaganda
  • Heritage
26
Q

Explain why the U.S. entered World War I.

A
  • Britain limiting neutral trade
  • German submarine (u-boat) warfare
  • Germany wanted territory in Eastern Europe and Africa, wanted to win through force
  • Wilson wanted peace without victory: League of Nations
  • Intercepted telegram from German foreign minister saying it would ally with Mexico in case of war with U.S.
    > Giving Mexico Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in return
  • Wilson ordered merchant ships to fire on submarines
    -Congress passes declaration of war
27
Q

Explain the U.S. military contributions in World War I.

A
  • American Expeditionary Force to Mexico: 200k troops, outdated weapons
  • Elective Service Act: Conscription to get army
  • 2.8 million inducted into army: black and white.
  • Americans blocked German way to Paris at Chateau-Thoierry and forced them out of Bellevue Wood (crucial stronghold)
  • Small contribution, fresh American troops raised allied moral
  • Turned tied at crucial point
28
Q

Discuss the U.S. domestic sector in World War I.

A
  • War propaganda (Committee of Public Info)
  • Schools stopped teaching German
  • Sedition Act (outlawed disloyalty) > got rid of socialists
  • Espionage Act
  • Censor foreign press (trading with enemy act)
  • Postmaster banned socialist publications
  • 5k new federal agencies
  • Centralized Gov
  • Boards controlled everything (transportation, agriculture, manufacturing)
  • Partnership between business and Gov grew closer
  • AFL grew, Wilson wanted workers happy
  • Women blacks, Mexicans filled labor shortage > lax immigration > high Mexican migration
  • No European immigrants
  • Blacks recruited north for labor, racial tensions
  • Gov swelled, U.S. emerged economic power
29
Q

Identify the major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

A
  • National self-determination
  • Reduction to tensions
  • League of Nations to enforce peace
    NEW NATIONS:
    Poland & Czechoslovakia
  • Divided German colonies in Asia and Africa
  • Made behind closed doors
30
Q

Explain why the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.

A
  • Senator Lodge and 37 others said they’d never agree without amendment
    REPUBLICANS SPLIT:
    Irreconcilables: opposed completely, Mild Reservationists: accepted it but with amendments, Strong Reservationists: major changes that Allies would have to approve.
  • Wilson would not appeal to Mild Reservationists for votes
  • Wilson tried to rally public with speeches, suffered stroke.
  • Sen. Lodge reported treaty out of committee.
  • Neither Lodge nor Wilson would compromise, never ratified.

History 1302 (3 decks)

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