Ch 23 & 24 Flashcards
List the supporters and goals of Progressivism
GOALS:
- Humanize big business
- Investigate, educate, legislate
- Enforce solution
- Right to intervene
- Government reforms
- Purge sin (prostitution, drunkenness, sciences)
SUPPORT:
- Broad support
> middle class, farmers, skilled laborers, business community.
Name the amendment giving women the right to vote nationally.
19th Amendment
Describe the Progressive reforms in municipal government.
- Control corporate activities
- Regulation and restricted city franchises
- Updated tax assessments (for the people)
- Cleaned up electoral machinery
- Developed civil service, planing and operations
- Regulatory commissions
- Municipal departments
- Hired engineers for utility and water systems
- Hired physicians to improve health
- Hired city planners for parks and highways
Describe the Progressive reforms in state government.
- Regulating child/women labor
- Regulatory railroad/utility commissions
- Corporate/inheritance tax
- Improve mental/penal institutions
- State inverse ties
- Regulated business with commissions to examine corporate books and public holdings
- Pioneered regulatory methods
- Backed 3 measures: initiative (voters can propose new laws), referendum (allowed them to accept/reject laws vai voting), recall (removal of politician).
Discuss Theodore Roosevelt’s view of the presidency and his appointments as president.
PRESIDENCY:
- Forum of ideas
- Leadership
- Steward of the people
ENLISTED:
- Elihu Root: Secretary of War/State
- Taft: Secretary of War
- Pinchot: Chief forester and conservationist
- Holmes, Jr.: Supreme Court
- Several blacks to federal offices
Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s trust policy.
- Trusts hurt general welfare
- Large-scale reduction
- Industrial growth good; needed to be controlled
- Created Department of Commerce and Labor & Bureau of Corporations to investigate interstate commerce
- Regulation best way to control big business
Name the first target of Theodore Roosevelt’s attack on trusts.
-Norther Securities Company (controls major railroads)
— For violating the Sherman Antitrust Act; monopolizing.
Explain the resolution of the anthracite coal miners’ strike of 1902.
- Roosevelt called them to White House to settle (didn’t work)
- Roosevelt ordered army to prepare to seize the mines
- Leaked info to Wall Street
- Companies settled, accepted an independent commission appointed by Roosevelt
- Workers returned, 10% increase in pay and cut in hours, allowed to raise prices “Square Deal”
List the legislative accomplishments of Theodore Roosevelt’s terms.
- Hepburn Act: Strengthened power of Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads
- Meat Inspection Act
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- Reform program for railroad regulation
- Employers’ liability for federal employees
- Control over corporations, child labor
- Factory inspections
- Sum Clearance ***
- Broadened power to oil pipelines, express, sleeping-car companies
Describe the conservation policies of Theodore Roosevelt.
- Wise use, not locking away
- 45 mil acres of gov preserves before, 195 mil after
Discuss the issues over which the Republican Party split during Taft’s presidency.
1) Attempted to curb power from speaker of house Cannon (was dictating legislation)
2) Progressives (against high tariffs) urged Taft to defeat Cannon’s tariff proposals
3) Backed Payne-Aldrich Act
- Progressive against him from then on.
4) Taft sided with conservative Republicans
6) Taft’s Secretary of interior sold protected land for sale
Describe the effects of the Mann-Elkins Act.
- Gave ICC power to set rates
- Stiffened regulations
- Telephone/telegraph now under ICC
POLITICAL:
- Progressives happy, conservatives upset
- Statehood for Arizona and New Mexico in exchange for Democrat support
- Progressives defied Taft in key votes
- Taft lost conservative seats to progressives
- Republicans lost control of the House and Senate
Identify the candidates and the results of the presidential election of 1912. 🌟🌟
1) Roosevelt - Progressive Party
2) Taft - Republican
3) Wilson - Democrat
- Taft and Roosevelt ran against each other for Repub nomination
- Roosevelt lost, ran under Progressive party
- Taft gave up before campaign began
- Because the Republican voters were split, Wilson won.
List Wilson’s legislative accomplishments of 1913-1916.
1) Underwood Tariff Act: lowered tariff, removed duties from sugar, wool, other goods, modest income tax.
2) Federal Reserve Act
3) Clayton Antitrust Act: Prohibited unfair trade practices, monopolies.
Describe Wilson’s anti-progressive stands on legislation.
- Against supporting minimum wage for women
- Called child labor bills unconstitutional
- Opposed credit for farmers
- Against women’s sufferage
- For segregation
- Tariff Commission Act: recommended tariff rates
- Revenue Act: raised income tax and furthered tax reform
Describe Theodore Roosevelt’s defense and foreign policies.
- US should take active role, prepared US for world power
- Modernized army, established Army War College
- Consolidated U.S. position in Caribbean and Central America
- Created Pan
Discuss how the U.S. got Panama Canal.
- Roosevelt offered 10mil + 250k rent for Panama to Colombia > they rejected
- He got angry, threatened attack, suggested Panamanians revolt
- Panama revolts, he protected them with US navy
- Paid Panama same deal (Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty)
- Panama got to keep independence
Explain the Roosevelt Corollary.
- Latin America owed debts to Europe > created instability around Panama
- Corollary warns nations to keep their affairs in order or US would intervene
- Panama defaulted in debts
- Roosevelt took charge of Dominican Republic’s revenue, collected customs and used them to pay country’s debts.
Describe the relations between the U.S. and Japan from 1900 to 1918.
- Afraid of Japanese attack on Philippines
- War between Russia and Japan > Japanese winning
- Roosevelt offered to mediate conflict, ended war, but Japanese now dominant.
- Taft-Katsura Agreement: recognizes Japan’s dominance over Korea in return for not invading Philippines.
- Rot-Takahira Agreement: Maintain status quo in Pacific, uphold Open Door policy, and support Chinese independence.
Explain the goals of Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
- Meant to promote U.S. financial and business interests abroad, esp. in Latin America
- Supremacy in Caribbean
- Taft worked to replace European loans with American ones > reduced danger of outside meddling
- Argued dollar diplomacy was financial arm of the Open Door.
Discuss Wilson’s initial foreign policy ideology.
- Believed in ethical world in which militarism, colonialism, and war were brought under control.
- Morality over material interest
- Moral diplomacy to bring right to the world, peace, and extend democracy.
Describe Wilson’s diplomacy prior to U.S. entry into World War I.
- Help less favored nations
- New approach with Latin America “human rights and national integrity”
- Continued Reesevelt -Taft policies
- Supported Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, intervened in Latin America more than any other president.
Describe Wilson’s policy toward Mexico from 1913 to 1917.
- General in Mexico murdered by usurper Huerta
- Wilson wouldn’t recognize new government until they proved just and based upon law not force.
- Wilson tried to oust Huerta > stationed ships to cut off arm shipments to Mexico
- Wilson shelled Veracruz harbor and took city > retreated saying he only wanted to help
- Huerta resigned, new gov recognized
- Pancho Villa starts revolt killing Americans
- Wilson wanted to help Mexicans achieve political and agrarian reform
- Imposed progressive reform, interfered without thought
- Moralism, pragmatic, self interest, and desire for peace.
Discuss the diplomatic events of 1914 leading to World War I.
- Wilson advisories sent to fact find in Europe
- Germany’s Keizer jealous of world empires
- Germany had treaties with Turkey, Austria-Hungary in Central European Empire
- Britain, France, and Russia = Allied force
- Assassination of heir to Austria-Hungarian throne killed by Serbia
^ Started war
-America neutral
