Ch 22 Flashcards
Name the leading industry in the mass production movement.
Automobile industry
Explain how Henry Ford transformed the auto industry.
- Mass production
- Automobile Assembly Line
- Low Price + High Sales = Mass Profits
> Copied techniques of meat packers who moved product on overhead trolleys from work station to station
Name the industries dominated by trusts from 1898 to 1903.
1) Oil
2) Steel
3) Railroad
4) Utilities
- Copper, tobacco, rubber
Describe important business developments from 1898 to 1909.
- Big Business
- Oligopolies
- Finance Capitalists replaced Industrial Capitalists
- Interlocking directorates (board of directors) to control operations.
- Bankers used network of control in industrial and finance
Discuss the important aspects of mass production in the early 20th century.
- Large scale
- Marketing
- Speed and Product, not workers.
- Assembly line changed tasks/values
- Products the same, unique no longer goal.
- Industrial Research Laboratories
- Mechanized
- Managed
Describe the sots to workers of mass production.
- Fast paced, unforgiving
- Rules from central office, professional managed production flow, not Foremen.
- Systemic record keeping, accounting, inventory
- Machines set pace
- Scientific Labor Management > Man
- Boredom increased danger
- Repetitive
- Efficiency Engineers (creepy)
List the principles of Fredrick Taylor’s scientific management.
1) Management must take responsibility for job related knowledge. Must make rules, laws, and formulae.
2) Management enforce standardization of methods, adoption, and cooperation
Discuss the major aspects of U.S. farm life in the early 20th century.
- Less than 1/3 lived on farms and less than 1/2 in rural areas
- Farms prospered: greater production/expanded urban markets
- Rural Free Delivery
- Delivery of mail
- Parcel-post: mail order > exposed to urban thinking, national advertising, political events.
- Better roads knit farmers together into larger society
- Land prices rose
- Tenancy increased (A. Americans)
- Disease
- West irrigation brought by Feds and landowners
Explain the conditions faced by working women in 1900.
- More worked (5mil)
- 1/5 of adult women: 1/3 between 14-24
- More single than married
- Discriminated married women
- Service/clerical jobs
- Few professionals
- No medical school (only 5% graduated)
- More women graduated high school than men
- Business school: stenography, typing, bookkeeping
- Most teachers
Name the leader of the Niagara Movement
W. E. B. Du Bois
- Equal right for the education of blacks
- Militant.
Explain the main characteristics of immigration to the U.S.
- Increase in labor force from S/E Europe and Mexico
- Mexicans went southwest
- Less immigration from China; hostility, anti-Chinese laws
- Japanese increased
Name the major unions and their leaders in the early 20th century U.S. labor movement.
1) American Federation of Labor: Samuel Gompers
2) Women’s Trade Union League: Margaret Dreier Robins
3) Industrial Workers of the World: William D. Haywood, Marry Harris Jones, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
Describe the important demographical characteristics of the U.S. population in 1920.
- Young, avg. 25 years (immigrants made up a large part)
- Life expectancy rose: 49-56 for white women, 47-54 white men, 33-45 for blacks and minorities.
- Infant mortality high: 10% white babies 20% black died in first year
- Few old people (4% older than 65)
List the important leisure activities of the early 900’s.
- Baseball
- Football
- Movies
- Phonographs
- Records (music).
Describe the important changes in the traditional arts in the early 1900’s.
- Moved from ballet to modern dance
- Realist painters
- Modernest art
- Postimpressionists art (bold colors, abstract patterns, wanted to capture energy of urban life)
- Poetry boomed
