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BIOL 3407-010 > Ch. 22: Viral Pathogenesis > Flashcards

Ch. 22: Viral Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Which is TRUE of acute viral infections?
- they have a relatively short duration
- they are always very mild in nature
- they rarely occur
- they occur over a long period of time
- they result in a slow onset of symptoms

A

they always have a relatively short duration.

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2
Q

Rhinovirus is a cause of the common cold. What type of infection does it normally cause?
- latent
- acute/latent with equal likelihood
- latent/persistent with equal likelihood
- persistent
- acute

A

acute

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3
Q

What is the type of viral infection in which the viral genome is present in infected cells but the virus only replicates sporadically?
- latent
- lytic
- acute
- persistent
- chronic

A

latent

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4
Q

This is an example of a virus that typically causes a latent infection:
- rotavirus
- rhinovirus
- influenza virus
- herpes virus
- Norwalk virus

A

herpes virus

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5
Q

Which one of the following causes cold sores?
- varicella zoster virus
-2
- roseola virus
- HHV-8
- HSV-1

A

HSV-1

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6
Q

Which viral infection results in the continuous production of virions over several years?
- myxoma virus
- ebola virus
- influenza virus
- rhinovirus
- hepatitis B virus

A

hepatitis B virus

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7
Q

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT
- a mosquito bite
- mother to fetus
- sexual contact
- breast milk
- blood transfusion

A

a mosquito bite

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8
Q

The ebola virus is transmitted to humans by a __ mechanism.
- mechanical
- fecal-oral
- zoonotic
- respiratory
- sexual

A

zoonotic

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9
Q

By which mechanism is the yellow fever virus transmitted to humans?
- respiratory route
- a mosquito bite
- direct contact
- a zoonosis
- fecal-oral route

A

a mosquito bite

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10
Q

Many viral-infected cells undergo apoptosis and die. Why is this important for the organism as a whole?
- it triggers a strong cell-mediated immune response
- it causes a considerable tissue destruction
- it prevents tissue necrosis
- it triggers a strong adaptive immune response
- it limits the production of new viruses by the cell

A

it limits the production of new viruses by the cell

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11
Q

What are syncytia?
- cells lysed with viruses
- cells with inclusion bodies
- multi-nucleated giant cells
- transformed cells
- cells undergoing apoptosis

A

multi-nucleated giant cells

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12
Q

What produces the sneezing associated with a rhinovirus infection?
- the destruction of ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea
- a secondary respiratory infection
- macrophage activation
- a toxin produced by the virus
- the host inflammatory response

A

the host inflammatory response

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13
Q

Viruses may cause some autoimmune diseases. This may occur when:
- a viral infection causes cells to go into apoptosis
- viruses destroy certain types of tissues, such as nerves
- tissue destruction occurs as a result of an over-exaggerated cell-mediated immune response
- viral toxins are produced that kill cells
- viral antigens resemble host antigens and cross-react with effector cells and antibodies

A

viral antigens resemble host antigens and cross-react with effector cells and antibodies

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14
Q

Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by what virus?
- paramyxovirus
- papillomavirus
- HIV
- herpes simplex II virus
- retrovirus

A

papillomavirus

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15
Q

The Papillomavirus infects keratinocytes that are not actively dividing. What does this virus do to gain nucleotides to support viral replication?
- it stimulates the cell to enter apoptosis
- it stimulates the cell to enter into the “s-phase” of the cell cycle
- it degrades the nuclear DNA of the host cell to release free nucleotides
- it lyses the cell to release nucleotides
- it contains genes that encode enzymes for nucleotide synthesis

A

it stimulates the cell to enter into the “s-phase” of the cell cycle

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16
Q

How does the Papillomavirus cause tumor formation?
- by cap-snatching
- by inhibiting apoptosis of the host cell
- by inhibiting tumor suppressor proteins in the host cell
- by stimulating the host cell to replicate its DNA
- by inducing meiosis in the host cell

A

by inhibiting tumor suppressor proteins in the host cell

17
Q

Oral herpes can be caused by (select ALL that apply):
- HHV-4
- HHV-1
- HHV-3
- HHV-5

A

HHV-1

18
Q

Successful strategies for reducing pediatric HIV/AIDS include (select ALL that apply):
- treat HIV-positive mothers with HAART prior to delivery
- treat HIV-positive mothers with HAART after delivery
- supply vitamins to infants born to HIV-positive mothers
- reduce breast feeding by HIV-positive mothers
- deliver by cesarean section in HIV-positive mothers

A
  • reduce breast feeding by HIV-positive mothers
  • deliver by cesarean section in HIV-positive mothers
19
Q

The signs and symptoms of the common cold are caused by the release of (select ALL that apply):
- IL-6
- IL-8
- IL-4
-IL-2
- IL-10

A
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
20
Q

Cervical cancer cells may arise when HPV gene product (select ALL that apply):
- E7 interacts with Rb
- E6 interacts with Rb
- E6 interacts with p53
- E1A interacts with Rb
- E7 interacts with p53

A
  • E7 interacts with Rb
  • E6 interacts with p53
21
Q

T/F: Viral infections are always acute and cause extensive damage to host cells.

A

False

22
Q

T/F: Many of the clinical symptoms associated with viral infection are caused by the host immune response.

A

True

23
Q

T/F: Some viruses cause certain types of cancer.

A

true

24
Q

T/F: Some viruses, such as the influenza virus, are able to cause disease in humans multiple times because they quickly alter their antigenic proteins through mutation.

A

True

25
Q

A viral infection of short duration is referred to as a/an __ infection.

A

acute

26
Q

Herpes viruses produce a type of infection in which the viral genome is present in the host cell with only sporadic production of viruses. This types of infection is referred to as a/an __ infection.

A

latent

27
Q

The transmission of a virus from mother to fetus is referred to as __ transmission.

A

vertical

28
Q

Warts are caused by the human __.

A

papillomavirus

BIOL 3407-010 (7 decks)

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