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Science > Ch 22- The Earth > Flashcards

Ch 22- The Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Layers of the earth

A

Crust, mantle and the core

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2
Q

What is the crust

A

The outer layer of the earth

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3
Q

Mantle

A

Made of solid rock and liquid called magma

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4
Q

Outer core

A

Iron and nickel

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5
Q

Inner core

A

Iron and nickel

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6
Q

Plate tectonics

A

The movement of the crust

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7
Q

Seismology

A

The study of earthquakes and volcanoes

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8
Q

Types of rocks

A

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

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9
Q

Igneous

A

Form when magma breaks through the surface of the crust during a volcano. When it cools the magma becomes solid eg granite

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10
Q

Sedimentary

A

Formed by layers of rock particles and dead plant and animal material eg limestone

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11
Q

Metamorphic

A

Formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks change into harder rocks due to high temps and pressure eg quartzite

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12
Q

Rocks are changed by

A

Weathering, erosion , heat and pressure

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13
Q

The nutrient cycle

A

Shows the cycle of matter and minerals thorough the living and non living parts of the earth

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14
Q

The carbon cycle

A

Explains how carbon is recycled through the earth

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15
Q

Carbon sink

A

Anything that takes carbon out of the atmosphere

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16
Q

Carbon source

A

Anything that releases carbon into the atmosphere

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17
Q

The nitrogen cycle

A

Explains how nitrogen is recycled through the earth

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18
Q

The water cycle

A

Describes the changes that water undergoes as it moves through the earth

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19
Q

Parts of the water cycle

A

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation and water flow

20
Q

Evaporation

A

Sun heats water on the earths surface. Water turns into water vapor and rises up

21
Q

Condensation

A

Water Vapour cools and changes back to liquid water, forming clouds

22
Q

Precipitation

A

As water adds to clouds, they get heavier and falls as rain and snow

23
Q

Water flow

A

Water collects in soil, rivers and lakes. Cycle repeats

24
Q

Stages of water treatment

A

Screening, settling, filtration, chlorination and fluoridation

25
Q

Screening

A

Water from lakes passes through wire mesh to remove floating material eg rubbish

26
Q

Settling

A

Water floats into a large tank. Aluminum sulfate is added. This helps small particles clump together at the bottom of tanks

27
Q

Filtration

A

Water passes through beds of sand and gravel. Any remaining particles are removed

28
Q

Chlorination

A

Chlorine is added to kill bacteria

29
Q

Fluoridation

A

Fluorine is added to prevent tooth decay. pH is checked

30
Q

Water splits into

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

31
Q

Electrolysis

A

Splitting up a compound by passing electricity through it

32
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance that’ll conduct electricity when dissolved in water

33
Q

Electrodes

A

Two rods that dip into an electrolyte and complete the electrical circuit

34
Q

Atmosphere

A

A layer of gas that Blankets the earth. Made up of nitrogen and oxygen mainly

35
Q

Oxygen properties

A

Colorless, odorless and tasteless. Slightly soluble in water

Supports combustion

36
Q

Uses of oxygen

A

Respiration
Combustion
Launching rockets
Diving gear

37
Q

Tests of oxygen

A

No effect on litmus

Relights a growing splint

38
Q

Properties of carbon dioxide

A

Colorless, odorless and tasteless
Slightly soluble in water
Doesn’t support combustion

39
Q

Uses of carbon dioxide

A

Photosynthesis
Fire extinguisher
Carbonation
Refrigeration

40
Q

Carbon dioxide tests

A

Changes limewater colorless to milky

Dissolves in water to form carbonic acid

41
Q

Barometers

A

Measure atmospheric pressure

42
Q

Layers of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere

43
Q

Gases in the atmosphere are affected by

A

Pressure, temp and altitude

44
Q

Meteorologist

A

Studies the atmosphere

45
Q

Isobars

A

Join equal lines of pressure

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