Ch 22 Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Supination

A

Turning the forearm so that the palm is up

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2
Q

Inversion

Eversion

A

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

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3
Q

Lordosis

A

Anterior convexity of the lumbar spine [bending backwards]

This occurs during pregnancy to compensate the extra weight by shifting the weight father back on he lower extremities

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4
Q

Epiphyses

A

Is the growth plate

Lengthening occurs at the epiphyses

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5
Q

Joint pain

A

And loss of function are most common musculoskeletal concerns that prompt people to seek care

Joint pain 10 to 14 days after an untreated strep throat suggest Rheumatic fever

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6
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Involves symmetric joints; other musculoskeletal illnesses involve isolated or unilateral joints

RA Pain is worse in the morning when arising; movement decreases the pain

RA Stiffness occurs in morning and after rest periods.

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7
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

is a loss of bone density occurs with aging when the loss of bone matrix (reabsorption) occurs more than new bone growth (deposition)

osteoporosis

Is worse later in the day

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8
Q

Decreased ROM

A

May be due to joint injury to cartilage or capsule or to muscle contracture

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9
Q

Myalgia

A

Tenderness or pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism

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10
Q

Anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen; complete oxygen deprivation.

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11
Q

Hypotonia

A

an abnormally low intrinsic resting tension, i.e., low tone in muscles

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12
Q

Goniometer

A

To measure joint angles

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13
Q

Musculoskeletal

Objective data

A

Inspection: note size and contour of the joint color swelling and any masses or deformities of the skin and tissue over the bone; swelling signal joint irritation

Palpation: each joint including skin for temp. Notice any heat tenderness swelling or masses
Joint are not tender to touch

Range of Motion [ROM]: ask for active ROM and check for issues using passive motion

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14
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Normally not palpable when thickened it feels doughy or boggy a small amount of fluid is present in the normal joint but it is not palpable

The membrane lining the capsule of a joint and secreting synovial fluid. The synovial membrane is pink, smooth, and shiny

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15
Q

Crepitation

A

Is an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement it occurs when the articulate surfaces in the joints age roughened

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16
Q

Range of Motion ROM

Abnormal findings

A

Limited ROM, head titled to one side asymmetry of muscles tenderness muscle spasm, pain with motion , crepitus with motion

17
Q

Subluxation

A

Of the elbow shows the forearm dislocated posteriorly

Subluxation means A partial or incomplete dislocation.

18
Q

Phalen’s Test

A

Ask the person to hold both hands back while flexing the wrists 90 degrees. Acute flex ion of the wrist for 60 seconds produces no symptoms in the normal hand

Phalen’s test will reproduce numbness and burning in a person with carpal tunnel syndrome

19
Q

Tinel’s Sign

A

Direct percussion of the location of the median nerve at the wrist produces no symptoms in the normal hand

In carpal tunnel syndrome percussion of the median nerve produces burning tingling along its distribution which is a positive tingels sign

20
Q

Leg / knee deformities

Genu Varum

Genu Valgum

A

Genu Varum - bowlegs

Genu Valgum - knock knees

Flexion contracture - when the knees contour

21
Q

Bulge sign

A

Confirms the presence of small amounts of fluid.

To test:
Firmly stroke up on the medial aspect of the knee two or three times to displace any fluid . Tap the lateral aspect. Watch the medial side in hollow for distinct bulge from fluid wave. Normal none is present

22
Q

McMurray’s Test

A

If you complete this test and hear or feel a click the test is positive for a torn meniscus

23
Q

Knee abnormal findings

A

Sudden locking ; occurs with painful and sudden audible pop or click

Sudden Buckling: occurs with ligament injury which causes weakness and instability

24
Q

LaSegue’s Test

A

Straight leg raising these maneuver reproduce back and leg pain and helps confirm the presence of a herniated nucleus purposes

Straight leg raising while keeping the knee extended normally produces no pain

25
Q

Ortolani’s Maneuver

A

Checks the hips of an infant for congenital dislocation

Should be done at every visit until the 1 yrs old

26
Q

Allis test

A

Also test infants for dislocations by comparing the length of the leg

27
Q

Trendelenburg’s sign

A

To screen progressive subluxation of the hip. Watching from behind ask the child to stand on one leg then the other

28
Q

Forward Bend Test

A

Screen for scoliosis seat yourself behind the standing child and have the child bend forward to inspect the spine

29
Q

Ballottement of the Patella

A

A test to check the patella for fluid

30
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the forearm so that the palm is down