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General Biology II E1 > Ch. 22: Evolution > Flashcards

Ch. 22: Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Apostle Paul (Romans 1:20)

A

Should reach the conclusion that there is a Creator

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2
Q

Belgic Confession, 1561

Guido de Bres, Spain

A
  • The means by which we know God
  • God’s words and works
    1) By creation, preservation and government of the universe
    2) God makes Himself known to us more clearly through His Word
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3
Q

Why Christians should study evolution?

A

By showing that the science of evolution is [or could be] a description of God’s processes and not a worldview in and of itself, Christians can expose atheism as secular philosophy and not part of science

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4
Q

Greeks and Romans

A
  • (BC) Cyclical World
  • Mythology
  • Cycles of creation/ destruction/ recreation

Aristotle

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5
Q

Aristotle

A

(Greeks and Romans)

  • Cyclic didn’t apply to plants/animals
    • Chain of Being: Gods, Humans, Primates, Birds, Trees => => Rocks
  • Hierarchy
  • Organization
  • Classification
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6
Q

Hebrew/Jewish/ Christian

A
  • Genesis: theological interpretations of Genesis

- STATIC WORLD

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7
Q

St. Augustine (5th) + St. Thomas Aquinas (13th)

A

Creation: time period in which God infused the Earth with a necessary potency to produce living things by natural processes

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8
Q

Middle Ages

A

Split into two categories:

1) Physical Sciences: Astronomy and Chemistry
2) Natural Philosophy: “Biology”

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9
Q

Astronomy

A
  • “Copernicus Universe”
  • NOT Geocentric
  • Earth revolved around the Sun
  • Predict orbits/motions of planets
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10
Q

God

A
  • Rational
  • Created a rational universe
  • Comprehension
  • Humans rational since we were created by God who created a rational universe
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11
Q

Authoritarianism (of Catholic Church)

A

When authorities are sources of truth

AKA Inquisition

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12
Q

15th-18th Centuries

A
    • Geology: study of the earth
  • Stratification of land (distinct layers)
  • Uniformatarianism/ gradualism
  • TIME: Old Earth
    -(discovery of) Fossils: cycles?/ forms not found on Earth anymore
    EXTINCT vs EXTANT (still living today)
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13
Q

Cuvier

A
  • fossils
  • “father” of Paleontology”
  • developed Paleontology: the study of fossils
  • 1812: published his extensive studies of vertebrate fossils
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14
Q

Malthus

A
  • mathematician
  • interested in exponential growth
  • lead to mass starvation due to limited resources
  • 1798: published “Essay on the Principle of Population”
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15
Q

Lyell

A
  • geology
  • uniformitarianism
  • 1830: publishes “Principles of Geology”
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16
Q

Wallace

A

proposed the theory of natural selection around the same time as Darwin

17
Q

Darwin

A
  • 1831-36: traveled around the world on HMS Beagle
  • Observed Galapagos Islands and finches
  • Natural Selection
  • 1859: published “Origin of Species”
  • evolution will change over time
18
Q

Darwin’s theory of natural selection

Observed Galapagos Islands and finches

A
  • Evolution: change over time
  • Observed heredity and evolution
    -> reproduce offspring similar to parents
    -> selectively breed
    => in any variation/populations
  • offspring better off for environment
  • finches similar appearance, but different ways of eating (cactus, insect, seed) since finches from S. America looked like ones on Galapagos
  • how could this be?
19
Q

Natural Selection

A
  • Darwin and Wallace proposed
  • Nature selected best genes to move forward
  • Variation in form (artificial selection)
  • Limited resources leads to competition
  • Differential reproduction success
  • Shape characters of succeeding generations
20
Q

Evolution

A

acts at the level of populations

changing over time

21
Q

Section acts

A

at the level of the individual fitness
high fitness: high reproductive success
low fitness: low reproductive success

22
Q

Soapberry bugs

A

(example of microevolution)

- short beak ones took over long beak ones since short beaks produced fruit the long beaks couldn’t get into

23
Q

Macroevolution

A
  • changes in Speciation
  • take long, period of time

i.e. monkey => human and _

24
Q

Microevolution

A

Changes in a trait within a population

25
Q

Biological species concept

A
  • A group of organism actively or could potentially interbreed
  • works best for organisms that can breed sexually
  • not good for bacteria
26
Q

“evo-devo”

A

looking at similarities at developmental stages

i.e. Pharyngeal pouches: lungs vs gills
Post anal tail: Tail or feet

27
Q

Vestigial Structures

A
  • remnants of features that served a function in an organism’s ancestors
  • Used to serve a purpose, but doesn’t anymore

i.e. human appendix, whale hip bone

28
Q

Biogeography

A

Study of geographic distribution of species

i.e. looking at different climates, different parts of the world

29
Q

Observations ==> Inferences

A

1) Individuals in a population vary in their heritable characteristics
2) Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support
==>
1) Individuals that are well suited to their environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals
2) Over time, favorable traits accumulator in the population

30
Q

Darwinism revolution

A

challenged traditional views of a young Earth inhabited by unchanging species

31
Q

Descent with modification by

A

natural selection explains the adaptions of organisms and the unity and diversity of life

32
Q

Evolution is

A

supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence

33
Q

Hutton

A

1795: proposes his principle of gradualism

34
Q

Lamarck

A

1809: publishes his hypothesis of evolution
- i.e. giraffe stretching neck
- thought that evolution happened because organisms have an innate drive to become more complex

19th century
2 theories of evolution
1) theory of use and disuse
2) theory of acquired characteristics

35
Q

Biogeography

A

the study of the past and present geographic distribution of species

General Biology II E1 (4 decks)

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