Ch. 22, 23, 32-35

Question 1

vascular plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals away from the roots throughout the plant and is composed of vessel elements and tracheids

Answer 1

xylem

Question 2

vascular plant tissue composed of sieve tube members and companion cells that conducts dissolved sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves and stems to the roots and from the roots to the leaves and stems

Answer 2

phloem

Question 3

response to an external stimulus in a specific direction

Answer 3

tropism

Question 4

specialized plant/tissue used for transporting water, food, or other substances throughout the organism

Answer 4

vascular

Question 5

asexual reproduction in which new plants grow from parts of an existing plant

Answer 5

vegetative reproduction

Question 6

flower organ that protects the bud

Answer 6

sepal

Question 7

colorful flower structure that attracts pollinators and provides them a landing place

Answer 7

petal

Question 8

flower’s female reproductive organ; it is usually composed of a stigma, a style, and an ovary

Answer 8

pistil

Question 9

male reproductive organ of most flowers composed of a filament and an anther

Answer 9

stamen

Question 10

process in which a seed’s embryo begins to grow

Answer 10

germination

Question 11

process by which pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the plant, causing reproduction

Answer 11

pollination

Question 12

dermal tissue that makes up a plant’s outer covering; in humans and some other animals, the outer superficial layer of skin made up of epithelial cells

Answer 12

epidermis

Question 13

muscle that lines many hollow internal organs, such as the stomach and uterus

Answer 13

smooth muscle

Question 14

involuntary muscle found only in the heart

Answer 14

cardiac muscle

Question 15

striated muscle that causes movement when contracted and is attached to bones by tendons

Answer 15

skeletal muscle

Question 16

tough connective tissue band that attaches bone to bone

Answer 16

ligament

Question 17

living bone cell

Answer 17

osteocyte

Question 18

cell that carries nerve impulses throughout the body and is composed of a cell body, an axon, and dendrites

Answer 18

neuron

Question 19

neuron structure that receives nerve impulses from other neurons and transmits them to the cell body

Answer 19

dendrite

Question 20

gap between one neuron’s axon and another neuron’s dendrite

Answer 20

synapse

Question 21

neuron structure that transmits nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons and muscles

Answer 21

axon

Question 22

consists of the brain and spinal cord and coordinates all of the body’s activities

Answer 22

central nervous system

Question 23

consists of sensory and motor neurons that transmit information to and from the central nervous system

Answer 23

peripheral nervous system

Question 24

elastic, thick-walled blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Answer 24

artery

Question 25

microscopic, one-cell-wall thick blood vessel where exchange of materials occurs between blood and body cells

Answer 25

capillary

Question 26

blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Answer 26

vein

Question 27

bean-shaped, excretory system organ that filters out wastes, water, and salts from the blood and maintains blood pH

Answer 27

kidney

Question 28

mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs

Answer 28

breathing

Question 29

in the lung, a thin-walled air sac surrounded by capillaries

Answer 29

alveolus

Question 30

physical breakdown of food that occurs when food is chewed into smaller pieces and then churned by the stomach and small intestine

Answer 30

mechanical digestion

Question 31

chemical breakdown of food by digestive enzymes such as amylase into smaller molecules that cells can absorb

Answer 31

chemical digestion

Question 32

hormone-producing gland that releases its product into the bloodstream

Answer 32

endocrine gland

Question 33

endocrine gland located at the base of the brain; called the “master gland” because it regulates many body functions

Answer 33

pituitary gland

Question 34

substance, such as estrogen, that is produced by an endocrine gland and acts on target cells

Answer 34

hormone

Question 35

hormone produced by the pancreas that works with glucagon to maintain the level of sugar in the blood

Answer 35

insulin