Ch. 10 & 11 Flashcards
Different form of a gene
Allele
Scientific study of heredity
Genetics
Cell with half the number of chromosomes
Haploid
Gene that presents expression of another gene
Dominant
Gene that is not expressed in the presence of a dominant gene
Recessive
Physical trait or outward appearance
Phenotype
Allele pairs, or your gene makeup. Cannot physically see symbols.
Genotype
Two alleles are the same
Homozygous
Two alleles are different
Heterozygous
Complex inheritance pattern in which the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between those of the two homozygous parent organisms (Mixed)
Incomplete Dominance
Complex inheritance pattern that occurs when neither allele is dominant and both alleles are expressed (Speckled)
Codominance
Reduction division process, occurring only in the reproductive cells, in which one diploid cell produces four haploid cells
Meiosis
Characteristic, such as eye colour or skin colour, that results from the interaction of multiple gene pairs
Polygenic Traits
I haploid sex cell formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg
Gametes
Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
Crossing Over
Discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden.
Gregor Mendel
Having two copies of each chromosome
Diploid
Individual heterozygous for a recessive disorder such as cystic fibrosis or Tay-Sachs disease.
Carrier
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Autosome
One of two paired chromosomes, one from each parents, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location.
Homologous Chromosome
Having more than two alleles for a specific trait
Multiple Alleles
Micrograph in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size.
Karyotype
Protective cap made of DNA that is found on the ends of a chromosome
Telomere
Characteristic, such as red-green colour blindness, controlled by genes on the X chromosome; also called an X-linked trait
Sex Linked Trait
Cell division in which the sister chromatids do not separate correctly, resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Nondisjunction