Ch. 22

Question 1

What is the Hardy Weinberg Law?

Answer 1

a model for allele and genotype frequencies
- prediction 1: allelic frequencies of a population do not change
- the genotypic frequencies stabilize

assumptions: large, randomly mating, not affecting by mutation

Question 2

Hardy Weinberg terms

Answer 2

p2: homozygous dominant allele pair frequency (dominant X dominant frequency, 0.5 X 0.5)
q2: homozygous recessive allele pair frequency (recessive X recessive, 0.5 X 0.5)
2pq: heterozygous allele frequency

they all add up to ONE, total frequency

Question 3

calculating allelic frequencies

Answer 3

frequency = #copies of the allele/#copies of all alleles at the locus in a population
f(A) = p = number of big As/total number of allele

lower than genotypic frequencies
P + Q = 1

Question 4

homozygosity by descent

Answer 4

inbreeding causes alleles to be identical by descent
comes from a common ancestor

Question 5

heterozygosity by state

Answer 5

not from a common ancestor, not caused by inbreeding

Question 6

What affects the genotypic frequencies of a population?

Answer 6

nonrandom mating
mutations
migration

Question 7

nonrandom mating

Answer 7

• positive assortative mating
• negative assortative mating
• inbreeding v. outcrossing
• inbreeding coefficient
• inbreeding depression

Question 8

inbreeding v outcrossing

Answer 8

inbreeding: same lineage
outcrossing: no shared common ancestor

Question 9

negative and positive assortative mating

Answer 9

tendency of like/unalike individuals to mate

Question 10

inbreeding depression

result of self fertilizing

Answer 10

less diversity, weakening the individuals (no inbreeding, creating hybrids, is the opposite), no genetic growth in population

Question 11

what happens when no mutations isn’t met for Hardy Weinberg?

Answer 11

• changes the allelic frequencies
• reaches equilibrium of allelic frequencies
• recurrent mutations change allelic frequencies (forward and reverse mutations –> increased stability in equilibrium

Question 12

what to Hardy Weinberg when the population migrates?

Answer 12

• changes allelic frequencies
• more change will occur in migration if higher frequencies of alleles