Ch. 21 Nonfermenter GNB

Question 1

Oxidizers/saccharolytic

Answer 1

Breakdown carbs oxidatively and so require oxygen

Question 2

Nonoxidizers/asaccharolytic

Answer 2

do not use carbohydrates and are biochemically inactive

Question 3

General characteristics

Answer 3

• long thin bacilli, some coccobacilli
• most oxidase positive
• K/K on TSI/KIA
• most highly resistant to antibiotics
• found in water and soil
• not part of host flora, hospitalized patients colonized
  
  • nosocomial and post-op infection esp of immunosuppresed
• cause septicemia, wound infections
• colonies = large, wet, mucoid
• most are colorful and smell nice

Question 4

O-F media

Answer 4

• inocualte 2 tubes and seal 1 (anaerobic) then incubate
• if both turn yellow = fermenter
• if aerobic turns yellow = oxidizer
• if neither turn yellow = nonoxidizer

Question 5

Pseudomonal aeruginosa

Answer 5

• most common member
• blue green pigment
• metallic sheen on SBA with fruity grape like odor
• oxidase +, catalase +, motile
• oppurtunistic esp in CF patients
• like warm environments
  
  • wounds, burns, resp, UTIs, eye, ear, rashes from “hot tub syndrome”
  • like warm water baths and creates biofilm in chem analyzers
• virulence = produces toxins, proteases, hemolysins, coagulase, biofilms

Question 6

Strenotrophomonas

Answer 6

• S. maltophilia
• oppurtunistic and nosocomial
• causes pneumonia, endocarditis, esp in post-surgical sites
• found in contaminated water, sewage, water plants
• oxidase -, catalase +

Question 7

Acinetobacter

Answer 7

• A. baumannii
• found in 45% of tracheostomy sites
• found in hospital ventilators, humidifiers
• causes UTIs, septicemia, pneumonia, endocarditis, infects wounds, burns, eyes

Question 8

Burkholderia cepacia

Answer 8

• nosocomial
• causes pneumonia esp in CF patients, endocarditis, wounds
  
  • esp in contaminated water
• B. mallei
  
  • causes glanders in horses and donkeys
  • possible bioweapons
• B. pseudomallei
  
  • causes melioidosis
  • transmitted by inhalation, ingestion
  • esp in SE Asia, thailand, northern australia, mexico
  • possible bioweapon
  • highly antibiotic resistant
  • wrinkled colonies

Question 9

Asaccharolytics

Answer 9

• Moraxella
• Alcaligenes
• Achromobacter