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Micro > Ch. 19 Enterobacteriaceae > Flashcards

Ch. 19 Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

1
Q

General Characteristics

A
  • Gram Neg bacilli
  • ferment glucose
  • oxidase -
  • reduce nitrate to nitrite
  • colonies = large, gray, wet
  • One member is oxidase +
    • plesiomonas
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2
Q

CRE

A
  • Carbapenum Resistant Enterobacterias
  • highly resistant strains
  • “super bug”
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3
Q

Causes

A

Common members of GI flora, except primary pathogens

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4
Q

Media

A
  • MAC
    • lactose fermenters = pink
    • non lactose fermenters = colorless
  • HEK
    • green
    • blue-green
  • EMB
  • XLD
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5
Q

Primary Pathogens

A

Salmonella, shigella, yersinia

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6
Q

E. coli characteristics

A
  • most common cause of UTI
  • common throughout lab
  • member of GI flora
  • IMVC = ++–
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7
Q

Enteropathogenic (EPEC)

A
  • infant diarrhea
  • stools have mucous, no blood
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8
Q

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

A
  • Travelers diarrhea
  • stools are watery, no blood
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9
Q

Enteroinvasive (EIEC)

A
  • Large outbreaks
  • fecal oral route
  • stools are watery with blood, WBCs and mucous
  • similar to shigella in symptoms
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10
Q

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)

A
  • serotype O157:H7
  • watery, bloody stool, without WBCs
  • can be fatal
    • esp in children/elderly
  • intestinal lining sloughs off
    • leaving ulcers
  • transmitted by undercooked meats, veggies contaminated with feces
  • produce shiga toxins
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11
Q

Enteroadherent (EAEC)

A
  • adheres to mucosal surface
  • watery diarrhea lasting 2+ weeks
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12
Q

Klebsiella characteristics

A
  • K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca are most common
  • colonies = large, gray, mucoid
  • has capsule
  • K. pneumo from respiratory sites, wounds, UTIs
  • IMVC = –++
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13
Q

CRK

A
  • Carbapenum resistant klebsiella
  • highly resistant strains of klebsiella
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14
Q

Proteus characteristics

A
  • P. mirabilis
    • indole -
    • ODC +
  • P. vulgaris
    • indole +
    • ODC -
  • hyperflagella allows swarming
  • UTIs, wounds, blood
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15
Q

Enterobacter

A
  • E. cloacae
  • appears similar to kleb
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16
Q

Serratia

A
  • S. marcescens
  • red pigment
  • nosocomial UTIs, nurseries, burn units
17
Q

Providencia

A
  • P. stuartii
  • nosocomial in burn units
18
Q

Citrobacter

A
  • C. freundi
  • nosocomial UTIs, pneumonias
19
Q

Salmonella General

A
  • produces enterotoxins that cause
    • gastroenteritis
    • vomiting
    • diarrhea
    • nausea
20
Q

Salmonella Causes

A
  • undercooked poultry
  • meat
  • eggs
  • turtles
  • reptile pets
21
Q

Salmonella disease course

A
  • invades intestinal lining cells
  • spreads to lymph nodes
  • blood stream
    • causing enteric fever
  • spleen
  • liver
  • bone marrow
  • causes rose spots on abdomen
  • can reach gallbladder and develop carrier state
    • “typhoid mary”
22
Q

Salmonella Testing

A
  • H and O antigens used for serotyping
  • produces H2S
    • black colonies on HEK, TSI
  • produces gas
  • S. typhi
    • causes typoid fever
    • posesses Vi antigen
  • S. paratyphi
  • S. choleraesuis
23
Q

Shigella Characteristics

A
  • causes dysentery with fever, chills
  • invades mucosal lining cells
    • then sheds lining with ulcers forming
  • stools are bloody with mucous
  • no animal reservoir
    • only infects humans
  • spread person to person by 4 F’s
    • fingers, food, flies, feces
  • produce Shiga toxin
24
Q

Shigella Testing

A
  • No H2S
  • No gas
  • Use latex antigen tests for serotyping
  • S. dysenteriae
    • most serious
  • S. sonnei
    • most common type in US
  • S. felxneri
    • second most common
25
Q

Yersinia General

A

CIN agar selects for yersinia

26
Q

Y. pestis characteristics

A
  • causes black plague
  • transmitted by flea bits
    • usually on rodents
  • found recently in “four corners” area in SW US
27
Q

Y. pestis : Bubonic

A
  • from direct flea bite
  • from blood stream infects lymph nodes and causes buboes
    • redended or black pustules
  • 60% mortality rate if untreated
  • killed around 60% of europe in middle ages
28
Q

Y. pestis : Pneumonic

A
  • form is secondary to bubonic
  • goes from blood to lungs
  • spread by droplets
  • about 90-95% fatal if untreated
    • antibiotics do work if treated in time
29
Q

Y. pestis : Septicemic

A
  • form is rare
  • 99-100 % fatal if untreated
  • considered class A bioterrorism weapon
  • first bioweapon used in ancient times
  • gram stain shows intense bipolar staining
    • “safety pin”
30
Q

Y. enterocolitica

A
  • most common species
  • enteritis with fever, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea may be bloody
  • arthritis may follow
  • may see red nodules under skin, esp on shins, with itching and burning
  • from pigs, pork, pets
  • survives refrigeration
  • motile at room temp
31
Q

Y. pseudotuberculosis

A
  • from rodents, guinea pigs, turkeys, geese, pigeons
  • rare in humans but causes lymphadenopathy, septicemia

Micro (3 decks)

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