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N430 Leadership > ch 21 ethical and legal issues in nursing > Flashcards

ch 21 ethical and legal issues in nursing Flashcards

1
Q

what is morality

A

is the beliefs abt what we think to be right or wrong in our actions and behaviours toward those around us and is in essence v similar to ethics

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2
Q

what is ethics

A

• Ethics is the process of carefully thinking thru whats right or wrong in behave, decision aking and values.

isnt just ab thinking/reflecting on whats good but examining the norms, issues, foundations of our societies

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3
Q

is morality or ethics more assoc with academic and philosophical study of right and wrong

A

ethics

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4
Q

is ethics or morality more of an individual thing that reflects social norms

A

while morality is assoc more w indiv and more general social normas values and beliefs

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5
Q

what is bioethics

and how does it differ from medical ethics

A

• Bioethics examines ethical issues about human lives, ehaltha nd illness eg euthania, stem cell research, mat-fetal conflict, MAID.

meanwhile medical ethics is concerned with the ethical dimensions of medical care

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6
Q

what is applied ethics

A

where theories, principles and value judgements used to work thru ethical dilemmas in specific contexts

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7
Q

do the general tragic situations of bioethics apply to realities of nursing ethical challenges

A

no. nurses epeirence everyday ethical challenges which are smaller than the typical tragic cases in bioethics but nonetheless challenging. They often aren’t genuine dilemmas

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8
Q

t or f each act while nursing is a moral statement

A

true…

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9
Q

what are these ethical concerns that nurses encounter referred to as

A

practice issues

practical problems

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10
Q

what does nursing ethics see as central

A

relationships (bet nurse-pt, nurse-nurse etc etc)

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11
Q

what are the 3 levels of moral response to ethical problems

A
  • Expressive level-mgiht just state how we feel without rationale for those beliefs eg “Im against euthanasia bcuz killing is worng”
  • Prereflective level –justify response w legal religious or professional norms without critically reflecting on those norms eg I oppose euthanasia cuz of professional duty to do no harm
  • reflective level-justification for our position is based on principles or values weve reflected on and make decision to use s basis for our stance eg i oppose euthanasia as the sactit of life and do no harm taes precedence over autonomy. Reasoning at this level doesn’t guarantee easier resolution o agreement but it does provide more opportunity for discussion
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12
Q

what are the two theories discussed in applied ethics

A

deontology and conseuentialism

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13
Q

what is deontological ethic

A

• Deontological ethics-mostly involves duties to others.
o Consistency and following thru on duties to others makes actions morally right eg truth telling is absolute duty from respect of persons

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14
Q

what are 3 challenges to deontology

A

 Often hard to see what duties are
 Oftenf ace multiple competeing duties w no advice on how to balance them
 To just pay attention to duties nd not consider the outcomes or consequences is in real life irresponsible and difficult

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15
Q

what is consequentialism

A

• Consequentialist theories-rightness or wrongness of action is determined by outcomes of the action

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16
Q

what is the most common theory under consequentialism

A

utilitarianism

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17
Q

what is utilitarianism

A

what is the most common theory under consequentialism

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18
Q

3 challenges to utilitrianism

A

 We cant predict outcomes well
 Meas abstract ideas like happiness is hard
 Matter of perspective whats good or bad

19
Q

as a response to the criticisms of these ethical theories ( therye hard to apply in reality, lack guidance of what principles to use for decisions)

what was devised and what is included in this

A

principlism

4 principles to guide healthcare as response to criticism: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice

20
Q

what errors do new earners often make with principlism

A

• Its easy to use but new learners often apply it pragmatically and inflexibly

21
Q

what is the criticism of principlism

A

limiting to think of ethical probs just w 4 principles. It also less applicable in other contexts (non-western)

22
Q

what outlines expectations of ethical practice

A

code of ethics

23
Q

who enforces a code of ethics

A

• Code cant be enforced by courts but profesion has legal right to sanction those who dont adhere to ethical duties

24
Q

who would sit on a provincial regulatory body committee

A

lay people and nurses

25
Q

what are the 3 legal obligations of nurses

A

o To have knowledge of legal boundaries of their jobs
o To protect pt rights
o Protect themselves from liability

26
Q

what is a fiduciary duty

A

-a trust based duty. Nurse must give reasonable/competent std of care.

27
Q

if in a fiduciary role are you allowed to place your own needs first

A

no

28
Q

in relation to professional competence when violating the following: professional misconduct, negligence, duty of care what is it called

A

unintentional torts

29
Q

what is a tort

A

o A tort is an act of wrongdoing that leads to harm or injury. After, the injured party makes claim for damages to deter future similar wrongs

30
Q

what are examples of intentional torts

A

battery, invasion of privacy, assault

31
Q

what are the 2 kind of unintentional torts

A

negligence-when any Tx or care is obviously below acceptable level and results in injury to pt

liability (dictionary defn, being responsible for sometihng)

32
Q

what is a duty of care and what happens when this isnt met

A

obligation not to harm un or intentionally. If don’t meet this and injury results this is negligence and professional misconduct

33
Q

what 4 things are required for case of negligence

A
  1. Duty of care must exist
  2. Duty of are must be breached thru actions/conduct
  3. Must be resultant injury/harm
  4. Must be evident that harm/injury resulted directly from person w duty to care
34
Q

with unintentional negligence is the focus on punishment of the perp or on compensation

A

fous on compensation for injury

35
Q

what is moral distress and is it only caused by institutional constraints

A

• Moral distress-knowing right thing to do but unable to do it. If unaddressed can lead to moral residue the remains of unhealed moral wounds which build over time

-can also be caused by issues n the moral agent (lac of knowledge etc)

36
Q

what is moral integrity

A

• Integrity often describe a person of good moral standing but can also mean wholeness completeness and being morally intact

37
Q

4 necessary elements of moral integrity

A

moral autonomy
-fidelity to promise
-steadfastness
wholeness

38
Q

moral autonomy

A
  1. . Moral autonomy
     Our developing sense of who we are in r/t the values we hold. When young our parents have moral authority over us and our values are det by surroundings eg socioecon, culture, friends. With age we find our own ideas and take responsibility for them. W inc moral autonomy is inc integrity
39
Q

fidelity to promise

A
  1. Fidelity to promise
     2 aspect: making a promise and keeping it
     Keeping a promise shows we abide by social norms, are trustworthy, reliable
40
Q

steadfastness

A
  1. Steadfastness
     Like sticking to moral guns
     Often ongoing development of this as we lern to stand up for what we think is right
     Eg of this: questioning order of futile Tx, student nurse telling nurses not to talk of pts in public, advocating for marginalized pt and fighting the system
41
Q

wholeness

A
  1. Wholeness
     All nurses have multiple roles in lives and it can be hard to be morally consistent eg friendly w pt but rude w parents
     Integrity requires that we try to incorporate our values and beliefs across the many roles in our lives
42
Q

having a poor ethical climate at work is linked to what for nurses

A

• Having a poor ethical climate

43
Q

how can moral leadership be demonstrated

A

with commitment and moral courage (in practice this means advocating for others despite pressures to act differently)

44
Q

can moral courage be taught

A

yes since its a virtue it can

N430 Leadership (3 decks)

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