Ch 21

Question 1

What three components must be present for a fire to burn?

Answer 1

A flammable substance, oxygen, heat

Question 2

What is spontaneous combustion?

Answer 2

When a chemical reaction in or near a flammable material causes sufficient heat to generate fire

Question 3

What should you do if a short circuit occurs?

Answer 3

Turn off the electricity at the main power source, call for qualified assistance, and stand by with the proper fire extinguisher

Question 4

What are the most frequent infractions of fire safety rules?

Answer 4

Blocked fire exits, doors blocked open, equipment stored in corridors, improper storage of flammable items, and improper use of extension cords

Question 5

What does RACE stand for?

Answer 5

Rescue, alarm, contain, and extinguish/evacuate

Question 6

What does PASS stand for?

Answer 6

Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle, Squeeze the handle, Sweep from side to side

Question 7

How do you clean up a hazardous spill?

Answer 7

Convert it into solid waste and placed in plastic bags for removal

Question 8

What are the two ways to clean up a hazardous spill?

Answer 8

Using an absorbent material (cat litter) or an absorbent mat to soak up the liquid

Question 9

What are ergonomics?

Answer 9

The study of the human body in relation to the working environment

Question 10

What are body mechanics?

Answer 10

The principles of proper body alignment, movement, and balance

Question 11

What are the three concepts essential to body mechanics?

Answer 11

Base of support, center of gravity, and line of gravity

Question 12

What is the trendelenburg position?

Answer 12

When the patients head is lower than their feet

Question 13

What is dyspnea?

Answer 13

Difficulty breathing

Question 14

What is orthopnea?

Answer 14

Inability to breathe while lying down

Question 15

If a patient becomes nauseated but cannot be in the Fowler position, what other position can they be placed in?

Answer 15

Lateral recumbent

Question 16

What is orthostatic hypertension?

Answer 16

Temporary state of low blood pressure that causes patients to feel lightheaded or faint when they first sit up

Question 17

In order to use physical restrains on the arms, legs, or chest of an adult patient without their consent requires what?

Answer 17

An order from their physician

Question 18

What charge can a patient place on a healthcare worker for the improper use of restraints?

Answer 18

False imprisonment

Question 19

Any fall, accident, or occurrence that results in injury or potential harm must be immediately reported and you must fill out a _________

Answer 19

Incident report

Question 20

What is the cycle of infection?

Answer 20

The four factors involved in the spread of disease

Question 21

In order for an infection to be transmitted, there must be

Answer 21

An infectious organism, a reservoir of infection, a susceptible host, and a means of transporting the organism

Question 22

What are examples of microorganisms?

Answer 22

Bacteria, viruses, Protozoa, fungi

Question 23

What is normal flora?

Answer 23

Microorganisms that live on or within the body that dont cause a disease

Question 24

What are microorganisms that cause disease called?

Answer 24

Pathogens

Question 25

What are prions?

Answer 25

Infectious protein particles that are not living organisms; they can cause disease and replicate within the human body

Question 26

What diseases are endospore-forming organisms responsible for?

Answer 26

Tetanus, anthrax, and gas gangrene

Question 27

What are viruses?

Answer 27

The smallest known disease causing organisms

Question 28

What are examples of viruses?

Answer 28

Influenza, HIV, herpes, hepatitis, and rhinovirus (common cold)

Question 29

How does a virus multiply?

Answer 29

It invades a host cell, stimulating it to participate in the formation of additional virus particles

Question 30

What is a reservoir of infection?

Answer 30

Anywhere that pathogens can thrive in sufficient numbers to pose a threat

Question 31

What is an iatrogenic infection?

Answer 31

Health care related infections

Question 32

What is the most direct way to intervene in the cycle of infection?

Answer 32

Prevent transmission of the infectious organism from the reservoir to the susceptible host

Question 33

What is an indirect route?

Answer 33

May involve transport of organisms by fomite, vectors, vehicles, and airborne particles or droplets

Question 34

What is the direct contact route of transmission?

Answer 34

The host is touched by an infected person in such a manner that the organisms are placed in direct contact with the susceptible host

Question 35

What is a fomite?

Answer 35

An object that has been in contact with pathogenic organisms Ex) x-ray table, upright Bucky, image receptors, calipers, positioning sponges

Question 36

What is a vector?

Answer 36

An insect or spider in whose body an infectious organism develops or multiplies before becoming infective to a new host (mosquitos & west Nile)

Question 37

What is a vehicle?

Answer 37

Any medium that transports microorganisms Ex) contaminated food, water, blood

Question 38

What is airborne contamination?

Answer 38

It’s spread by dust containing either endosperm’s or droplet nuclei. Contaminated dust many remain suspended in the air for long periods

Question 39

What is droplet contamination?

Answer 39

Occurs when an infectious individual coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings in the vicinity of a susceptible host

Question 40

How is Hepatitis B spread?

Answer 40

Through contact with blood or blood products, contact with body fluids (not sweat)

Question 41

What are nosocomial infections?

Answer 41

Infections that happen while in the hospital

Question 42

You should use standard precautions whenever contact is anticipated with:

Answer 42

Blood, any body fluid, secretions and exretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, mucous membranes

Question 43

What is the ratio for bleach?

Answer 43

1 part bleach to 10 parts water

Question 44

What is medical asepsis?

Answer 44

The process of reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual

Question 45

What is microbial dilution?

Answer 45

The process of reducing the total number of organisms

Question 46

What are the levels of microbial dilution?

Answer 46

Simple cleanliness measures, disinfection, sterilization

Question 47

What is the single best protection against disease transmission?

Answer 47

Hand washing

Question 48

What is an autoclave?

Answer 48

An electric steam chamber that seals tightly to achieve high temperatures under pressure