ch 21 Flashcards by Abby Gutierrez

What does the mixing bowl of hair color need to be?

nonmetallic

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The standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent haircolor is _____.

20 volume

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The U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act prescribes that a predisposition test be given _____.

24 to 48 hours prior to application

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When the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous and takes color quickly, the hair would be said to have _____.

high porosity

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Each color is identified by a number and a letter, with the number indicating the level and the letter indicating the _____.

tone

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The natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is _____.

melanin

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Metallic haircolors are also known as _____.

gradual colors

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Clients with hair in questionable condition who request chemical services should be required to sign a _____.

release statement

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A color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors is a _____.

secondary color

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When all three primary colors are present in equal proportions, the resulting color is _____.

black

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Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every _____ weeks.

three to twelve

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What type of melanin gives blond and red colors to the hair?

Pheomelanin

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The technique using a free-form painting of hair lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is _____.

baliage

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Hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair _____.

strands

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The primary color that brings depth or darkness to any color is _____.

blue

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Examples of single-process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and _____.

color retouch applications

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What term describes the predominant tone of a color?

Base

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As part of their composition, all permanent haircoloring products and lighteners contain both a developer and a(n) _____.

alkalizing ingredient

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_____ tones reflect more light, therefore they look lighter than their actual level.

Warm

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All haircoloring products require a patch test, with the exception of _____.

temporary colors

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Powdered off-the-scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for _____ and stronger lightening.

quicker

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During the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as _____.

10 stages

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Decolorizing the hair’s natural pigment allows the colorist to create the exact degree of _____.

contributing pigment

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Fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped _____.

more tightly

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Chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are _____.

hair lighteners

What is the process by which oxygen is released within the cortex of the hair shaft?

Oxidation

The _____ of the client’s hair and the desired results determine which haircolor to use.

structure

The darkest hair colors in the level system are identified as being a level _____, while the lightest hair colors in the level system are _____.

1; 10

In the weaving foil technique, selected strands are picked up from a narrow section of hair with a _____.

zigzag motion

_____ is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they reflect and is perceived (by the human eye) as red, yellow, blue, or other shades.

Color

You should NEVER apply hair color to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of _____.

abrasions

Colors with a predominance of blue are _____ colors, whereas colors with a predominance of red and/or yellow are _____ colors.

cool; warm

_____ tones absorb more light, therefore they look deeper than their actual level.

Cool

What type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair?

Eumelanin

Before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a(n) _____.

patch test

The system used for understanding color relationships is the _____.

law of color

The cortex, or middle layer of each hair, gives the hair the majority of its strength and elasticity, and contributes about _____ percent to the overall strength of the hair.

When the cuticle is slightly raised and the hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time, the hair would be said to have _____.

average porosity

Fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as _____.

primary colors

Oxidative haircolor is classified as demipermanent (deposit only) and _____ (lift and deposit).

permanent

What unit of measurement identifies the lightness or darkness of a color, or the saturation, density, or concentration of color?

Level

Powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability are _____.

activators

The hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is _____.

coarse-textured hair

A color achieved by mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel is a _____.

tertiary color

What is the first step of double-process haircoloring?

Pre-lightening

The process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned is known as _____.

double-process application

Lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application are known as _____.

cream lighteners

_____ is a professional, industry-coined term referring to artificial haircoloring products and services.

Haircolor

Tones can be described as cool, warm, or _____.

neutral

What hair coloring product is used primarily on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors?

Toners

What process lightens hair and deposits color in one application?

Single-process haircoloring

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is known as _____.

porosity

When applying color for a single-process retouch application, the color should be applied to the new growth using _____.

1/4-inch partings

The part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is known as _____.

new growth

Contributing pigment, also known as _____, is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process.

undertone

The technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color is _____.

lowlighting

Non-oxidative haircolor is classified as temporary and _____ (traditional).

semipermanent

_____ refers to the strength of the color.

Intensity

The concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide is measured in terms of _____.

volume

The system used by colorists to analyze the lightness or darkness of a hair color is _____.

the level system

The process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as _____.

pre-softening

_____ haircolors, also known as vegetable haircolors, such as henna, are colors obtained from the leaves or bark of plants.

Natural

The hue or balance of color seen in the hair is referred to as _____.

tone

Coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are _____.

temporary colors

What is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair?

Color wheel

When is the most critical part of a color service?

Haircolor consultation

_____ is the most commonly used developer, and an oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color.

Hydrogen peroxide

Demipermanent colors are also known as _____.

no-lift, deposit-only colors

When the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. What term describes this condition?

Low porosity

Primary and secondary colors that are positioned opposite each on the color wheel are _____.

complementary colors

To test for porosity, take several strands from four different areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the _____.

nape

Haircoloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain _____.

metallic salts

Overlapping haircolor on previously tinted hair can cause breakage and create a visible line of _____.

demarcation

Neutral base colors are often used to _____.

cover gray hair

Dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules are called _____.

aniline derivatives

The coloring technique that involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color is known as _____.

highlighting

A _____ application refers to the first time the hair is colored.

virgin

What coloring products are regarded as best for covering gray hair?

Permanent haircoloring

A patch test is generally conducted behind the ear or _____.

inside the elbow

What is a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair?

Glaze