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organic chemistry ch 19,20,21 > CH 20 Enzymes > Flashcards

CH 20 Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

A biological catalyst is called a(n) __________.

A

enzyme

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2
Q

Compared to an uncatalyzed reaction, an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

A

occurs at a faster rate

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3
Q

Urease catalyzes only the hydrolysis of urea, and no other substrates. This limited activity is called

A

absolute specificity

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4
Q

combination of an enzyme with the substrate

A

ES Complex

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5
Q

a structure that fits the active site of an enzyme

A

substrate

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6
Q

has a tertiary structure that recognizes the substrate

A

enzyme

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7
Q

has a ridgid substarte binding to a riged enzyme, like a lock and key

A

lock and key

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8
Q

Why do chemical reactions in the body require enzymes?

A

Rates of the chemical reactions are too slow without enzymes.

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9
Q

To what main class of enzymes does the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactose to galactose and glucose belong?

A

hydrolase

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10
Q

The hydrolysis of ester bonds in triglycerides is catalyzed by a(n)

A

lipase

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11
Q

what affects the activity of an enzyme

A

temperature

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12
Q

Name the enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose.

A

sucrase

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13
Q

A competitive inhibitor is one that

A

binds to the active site in place of the substrate.

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14
Q

an enzyme that requires a cofactor?

A 
requires Fe3+‎ in the active site for catalytic activity
contains riboflavin (vitamin B2‎ )
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15
Q

What vitamin may be deficient in the disease rickets?

A

vitamin D

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16
Q

What vitamin may be deficient in the disease scurvy?

A

ascorbic acid

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17
Q

What vitamin may be deficient in the disease pellagra?

A

niacin

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18
Q

within the active site, amino acid R groups catalyze the reaction to form an _____

A

enzyme-product complex

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19
Q

what factors affect enzyme activity

A

pH, concentration, substrate and temperature

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20
Q

molecules that cause loss of catalytic activity and prevents substrates from fitting into the active site

A

inhibitors

21
Q

Some bacterial infections are treated with competitive inhibitors called

A

antimetabolites.

22
Q

A _______ is a cofactor that is a small organic molecule such as a vitamin.

A

coenzyme

23
Q

OVER THE HILL

A

Oxidoreductases, Transferase, Hydrolases, Isomerases, Lyases, Ligases

24
Q

A __________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base and a sugar.

A

nucleoside

25
Q

A __________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

A

nucleotide

26
Q

Which of the following hold two strands of DNA in an a helix?

A

hydrogen bonds

27
Q

When DNA duplicates itself, the correct placement of the nucleotides is accomplished by

A

complementary base pairing

28
Q

When DNA replicates, a guanine forms a base pair with

A

cytosine

29
Q

What is the complementary base sequence for the following DNA segment?

5’-T-A-G-C-3’

A

3’-A-T-C-G-5’

30
Q

acts as the messenger between DNA and protein production, during transcription DNA is transcribed into

A

mRNA

31
Q

mRNA is translated into

A

protein

32
Q

The tRNA molecules convert the information in the mRNA into amino acids in a process called

A

translation

33
Q

The genetic code consists of sets of three nucleotides (triplets) in mRNA called _______that specify the amino acids and their sequence in the protein.

A

Codons

34
Q

In the synthesis of mRNA, an adenine in the DNA pairs with

A

uracil

35
Q

When mRNA is synthesized using the information from DNA, the process is called

A

transcription

36
Q

There are three major types of RNA. What is the purpose of transfer RNA?

A

It interprets the genetic information and brings the amino acids to the ribosomes

37
Q

The codon is found on __________, and the anticodon is found on __________.

A

mRNA, tRNA

38
Q

In the study of genetics, the abbreviation PCR refers to

A

Polymerase chain reaction

39
Q

what are the bases in DNA and RNA

A

derivatives of the heterocyclic amines pyrimidine or purine.

40
Q

In DNA,

the purine bases with double rings are

A

adenine (A) and guanine (G).

41
Q

the pyrimidine bases with single rings are

A

cytosine (C) and thymine (T).

42
Q

In RNA,

the purine bases with double rings are

A

adenine (A) and guanine (G).

43
Q

IN RNA,

the pyrimidine bases with single rings are

A

cytosine (C) and uracil (U).

44
Q

In the primary structure of nucleic acids,

the nucleotides are joined by

A

phosphodiester bonds

45
Q

What classification of protein recognizes and destroys foreign substances

A

Protection

46
Q

What classification of proteins store nutrients

A

Storage

47
Q

What classification of proteins carry essential substances through the body

A

Transport

48
Q

What classification of proteins provide structural components

A

Structural

49
Q

Amino acids have what two functional groups?

A

Ammonium and carboxylate

organic chemistry ch 19,20,21 (3 decks)

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