Ch. 20 Antimicrobial Medications

Question 0

Who developed the first sulfa drug? What was it called?

Answer 0

Gerhard Domagk, Prontosil

Question 1

Who was the German physician who came up the the drug to treat syphillis?

Answer 1

Paul Ehrlich, Salvarsan

Question 2

Chemicals used to treat disease

Answer 2

Chemo therapeutic agents

Antimicrobials

Question 3

Antimicrobials naturally produced by microorganisms

Answer 3

Antibiotics

Question 4

Is a low or high therapeutic index safer?

Answer 4

High

Lowest dose toxic/ dose given

Question 5

Bacteriostatic

Answer 5

Inhibit bacterial growth

Sulfa drugs

Question 6

Bactericidal

Answer 6

Kill bacteria

Question 7

What are some effects of combinations of drugs?

Answer 7

Antagonistic- counteracting
Synergistic- enhancer
Additive- neither anta or syner

Question 8

Antibacterial medications that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 8

Penicillins, cephalosporins, other beta-lactam

Question 9

How do these beta Lacrae drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 9

Penicillin binding proteins are inhibited by penicillin, destroying the integrity of the cell wall

Question 10

Beta lactamase

Answer 10

An enzyme in a bacterial cell that breaks the critical beta lactam ring

Question 11

Penicillin plus beta lactamase inhibitor

Answer 11

Augmenting

Question 12

Cephalosporins

Answer 12

From a fungus.

Question 13

Vancomycin

Answer 13

Drug of last resort

Question 14

Antibacterial Meds that inhibit proteins synthesis

Answer 14

Aminoglycosides- streptomycin

Can cause severe side effects

Question 15

Tetracyclines

Answer 15

Block attachment of tRNA

Doxycycline

Question 16

Glycylcyclines

Answer 16

Related to tetracycline

Question 17

Macro life’s

Answer 17

Erythromycin clarithromycin azithromycin

Question 18

What are the drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 18

Penicillins, Beta Lactams, cephalosporins

Question 19

What are the “other Beta Lactams”

Answer 19

Vancomycin

Bacitracin

Question 20

What are the antibacterials that inhibit protein synthesis?

Answer 20

Aminoglycosides 
Tetracyclines
Gycycyclines
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Lincosamides
Oxazolidinines
Streptogramins

Question 21

What is an examples of an aminoglycoside?

Answer 21

Streptomycin

Have severe side effects

Question 22

What are the tetracyclines?

Answer 22

Doxycycline

Question 23

Allergic to penicillin? Take a _____

Answer 23

Macrolide

Question 24

This drug can cause life threatening aplastic anemia

Answer 24

Chloramphenicol

Question 25

Antibacterials that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 25

Fluoroquinolones Rifamycin Metronidazole

Question 26

Rifamycins, specifically rifampin, used to treat...?

Answer 26

Tuberculosis and leprosy

Question 27

Antibacterials that interfere with metabolic pathways

Answer 27

Sulfonamides | Trimethoprim

Question 28

Antibacterials that interfere with cell membrane integrity

Answer 28

Daptomycin | Polymyxin b

Question 29

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Answer 29

Lowest concentration of a specific Antimicrobial drug needed to prevent bacterial growth Fixed amount of bacteria, varying amount if drug

Question 30

Know how antibiotics inhibit ptg, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, etc. know why and how

Answer 30

Okay

Question 31

Know the payoff of each parts of the metabolic pathways. Know beginning and ending of each part. Know the ETC complexes names. Know how much comes out of each part

Answer 31

Okay

Question 32

Central Catabolic Pathways provide...?

Answer 32

ATP Reducing power Precursor metabolitea

Question 33

What are the three central catabolic pathways?

Answer 33

Glycolysis Pentose phosphate pathways TCA cycle

Question 34

What is the payoff of glycolysis?

Answer 34

2 ATP 2 NADH 2 3-carbon pyruvate

Question 35

Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 35

No ATP Comes as a byproduct of glycolysis NADPH

Question 36

What comes in to the TCA cycle?

Answer 36

3-c pyruvate ---> acetyl CoA (2-c)--->citric acid--->oxaloacetate---> begin cycle again

Question 37

Payoff of TCA

Answer 37

2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2

Question 38

Overall | Payoff of glycolysis/transition/TCA

Answer 38

10 NADH 2 FADH2 4 ATP

Question 39

How many ATP per NADH?

Answer 39

3 ATP

Question 40

What is complex 1?

Answer 40

NADH dehydrogenase | Iron sulfur centers

Question 41

Complex2?

Answer 41

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 42

Complex 3?

Answer 42

Cytochrome c

Question 43

Complex 4?

Answer 43

Cytochrome oxidase

Question 44

Which antibiotics affect the 30Ssubunit of the ribosome? Hint 30TGA

Answer 44

Tetracyclines Glycycyclines Aminoglycosides

Question 45

Which antibiotics affect the 50S subunit? Hint: SMLCO50

Answer 45

``` Streptogramins Lincosamides Macrolides Chloramphenicol Oxazolidones ```

Question 46

How do sulfa drugs and trimethoprim inhibit metabolic pathways?

Answer 46

Mimic PABA - Sulfa Mimic the step after PABA - Trimethoprim