Ch 2 (Unit 1)

Question 1

republic

Answer 1

govt is ruled by representatives that people elect into office

Question 2

Articles of Confed + Perpetual Union

Answer 2

creation of a 13-state union where states were supreme
- there was a confederation govt, aka weak national party where states still held sovereignty

Question 3

unicameral

Answer 3

1-house legislature
Ex: under AoC, every state got represented by 1 vote only

Question 4

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 4

grassroots uprising against the Massachusetts Govt
- debt incurred from Revo War
- farmers were getting the worst of it (foreclosures, high taxes)
- Massachusetts couldn’t raise a militia to fight them off themselves..
- and confederate govt couldn’t either bc they were BROKE!!!!!!!1

Question 5

Constitutional Convention

Answer 5

May 1787 - meeting attended by state delegates to fix/revamp the AoC
- Rhode Island didn’t attend bc of opposition (small state could be drowned out)

Question 6

writ of habeus corpus

Answer 6

right to know what you’re being charged for

Question 7

ex post facto law

Answer 7

can’t be punished retroactively
Ex: if you drank in 1918 and Prohibition era starts (1920), you can’t be charged for drinking before

Question 8

bills of attainder

Answer 8

declare someone guilty w/out trial

Question 9

Virginia Plan

Answer 9

Bicameral Legislature
3 branches
House of Reps
State vote = population
- favors big states

Question 10

New Jersey Plan

Answer 10

Unicameral legislature
Senate
State vote = equal (1)
- favors small states
new legislature powers

Question 11

Grand Committee

Answer 11

A committee at the Constit. Conventn that worked out a compromise btwn both plans

Question 12

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

Answer 12

agreement for govt plan that combines the two plans
- bicameral legislature
- HoR → by people
- Senate → by legislature

Question 13

3/5ths Compromise

Answer 13

Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person in population count
- advantage for Southern states in HoR

Question 14

Slave Trade Compromise

Answer 14

Congress CAN’T RESTRICT slave trade until 1808 (20 years)

Question 15

Separation of Powers

Answer 15

govt design that distributes power among the branches

Question 16

Checks + Balances

Answer 16

prevents one branch from getting too powerful/making policy
- Ex: President can veto congress law (exec > legis)
- …but Congress can OVERRIDE veto (legis > exec)

Question 17

Federalism

Answer 17

shared power btwn nat’l govt + states

Question 18

Legislative Branch

Answer 18

branch that makes laws
- HoR - citizen’s concern
- Senate - checks citizen’s concerns (17th Amndmnt changes election policy)

Question 19

expressed/enumerated powers

Answer 19

powers SPECIFICALLY granted to branch
- written down in the Constitution

Question 20

Necessary + Proper/Elastic clause

Answer 20

grants Congress to carry out any powers as long as it’s within enumerated
- Ex: Congress can create a law IF they can back it up with reasons from a law already enumerated

Question 21

implied powers

Answer 21

powers going BEYOND those granted to branch

Question 22

Executive Branch

Answer 22

branch that carries out laws from Congress
- commander of army + navy
- overseeing branch means he’s influential in federal bureaucracy
- selected by Electoral college

Question 23

Judicial branch

Answer 23

branch hears/decides federal court cases
- SCOTUS > Fed Courts > State Courts

Question 24

Supremacy Clause

Answer 24

Constitution + laws + treaties = SUPREME LAW of the land
- Article VI, Clause 2
- judicial review established in Marbury vs Madison

Question 25

amendment

Answer 25

process of making change to the COnstitution
- difficult on purpose
- 2/3rds of states have to agree
- BoR = first 10 amndmnts

Question 26

Federalist

Answer 26

supported strong nat’l govt (Constitution)
- easier to deal w/ foreign challenges
- Wealthy

Question 27

AntiFeds

Answer 27

supported strong state govt (weak nat’l govt, against Constitution)
- may infringe on natural rights
- Rural

Question 28

Federalist Papers

Answer 28

85 essays showing theory behind Constitution
- Madison, Jay, Hamilton
- influence NY

Question 29

Fed 51

Answer 29

Madison - “separation of powers + federalism prevents TYRANNY!!!”

Question 30

faction

Answer 30

group of self interested people using govt to put preferred policies into place
- can trample on other citizens’ rights
- DANGEROUSF

Question 31

Fed 10

Answer 31

Madison - “factions are dangerous and can only be solved by a LARGE REPUBLIC GOVT!!!”
- large republic = more factions = more competition = less chance of 1 ruling over the other
- WEALTH inequality = formation of factions

Question 32

Brutus No 1

Answer 32

Antifed Paper arguing that country was too large to be governed as a republic + Constitution gave too much national power
- fear that officials woulnd’t want to rescind power
- fear of Elastic clause
- Military control (standing armies)
- economic control