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Medical Terminology > Ch 2. Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole > Flashcards

Ch 2. Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins from amino acids

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2
Q

catabolism

A

process where complex nutrients broken down to simpler substances, energy released

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

surrounding and protecting cell

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

rod shaped structures in nucleus with DNA/genes. 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

material outside nucleus

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6
Q

DNA

A

chemical found within each chromosome

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within cytoplasm of cell, proteins made

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8
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

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9
Q

karyotype

A

picture of chromosomes in nucleus of cell

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10
Q

metabolism

A

total of chemical processes

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11
Q

mitochondira

A

provide principal source of energy for cell

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12
Q

nucleus

A

control center for cell, contains chromosomes

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13
Q

Digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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14
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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15
Q

Urinary/Excretory system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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16
Q

ureters

A

tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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17
Q

urethra

A

tube from the bladder to the outside of the body

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18
Q

Respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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19
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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20
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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21
Q

Reproductive system

A

F: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
M: testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

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22
Q

Endocrine system

A

thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

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23
Q

adrenal glands

A

at base of brain

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24
Q

Nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

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25
Q

Circulatory system

A

blood vessels, heart, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

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26
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

muscles, bones, joints

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27
Q

Skin and sense organs

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, eye, ear, nose, tongue

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28
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

29
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

30
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover th outside of body and line internal organs

31
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

32
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds trachea in neck

33
Q

uterus

A

womb, holds embryo as it develops

34
Q

viscera

A

internal organs

35
Q

Cranial cavity

A

brain, pituitary gland

36
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

37
Q

pleura; Pleural cavity

A

double membrane surrounding lungs; space surrounding each lung

38
Q

Mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside/between lungs

39
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

kidneys, stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallblader

40
Q

peritoneum

A

double folded membrane surrounding abdominal cavity

41
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle divides abdominal and thoracic cavities; aids in breathing

42
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

portions of SI and LI, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters

43
Q

Spinal cavity

A

nerves of spinal cord

44
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

pertaining to the back

45
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

pertaining to the front

46
Q

cervical

A

neck region (C1-7)

47
Q

thoracic

A

chest region (T1-12)

48
Q

lumbar

A

waist region (L1-5)

49
Q

sacrum; sacral region

A

five bones (s1-5) fused to form one bone

50
Q

coccygeal

A

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

51
Q

vertebra

A

single backbone

52
Q

vertebrae

A

backbones

53
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity

54
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

55
Q

disk (disc)

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

56
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

57
Q

distal

A

far from pint of attachment

58
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

vertical plane dividing into anterior and posterior portions

59
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

below another structure

60
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

61
Q

medial

A

middle

62
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back surface of the body

63
Q

prone

A

lying on belly

64
Q

proximal

A

near point of attachment

65
Q

sagittal (lateral) plane; midsagittal

A

dividing the body into left and right

66
Q

superficial

A

on the surface

67
Q

superior (cephalic)

A

above another structure

68
Q

supine

A

lying on back

69
Q

transverse (axial) plane

A

horizontal plane dividing body into upper and lower portions

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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