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Pharmacology > Ch 2: Safely Preparing and Giving Drugs > Flashcards

Ch 2: Safely Preparing and Giving Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

any preventable event that may cause inappropriate drug use or patient harm while the drug is under control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer. may cause the patient to recieve the wrong drug, wrong dose, wrong route, or wrong time

A

drug error

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2
Q

delivery of drugs from the outside of the body to the inside of the body through the GI tract

A

enteral route

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3
Q

injection of the drug within or between the layers of skin

A

intradermal route

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4
Q

injection of drugs into a muscle

A

intramuscular route

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5
Q

injection of drugs into a vein

A

intravenous route

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6
Q

a tube inserted through the nose into the stomach to deliver drugs

A

nasogastric tube

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7
Q

the length of time it takes for a drug to start to work

A

onset of action

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8
Q

administration of drugs by way of mouth

A

oral route

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9
Q

movement of drug from the outside of the body to the inside of the body by injection

A

parenteral route

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10
Q

movement of drugs from outside to inside of body through the skin or mucus membranes

A

percutaneous route

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11
Q

a surgically implanted tube placed from the abdomen into the stomach

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

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12
Q

giving drugs by way of mouth

A

per os (PO)

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13
Q

an order written to administer a drug to a patient as needed

A

PRN order

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14
Q

movement of a drug from outside to inside of body through the rectum

A

rectal route

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15
Q

order written to administer drug one time only

A

single dose order

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16
Q

order written when a patient is to recieve a drug on a regular basis

A

standing order

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17
Q

order written to administer drug once and as soon as possible

A

STAT

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18
Q

injection of drug into tissues between skin and muscle

A

sub q route

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19
Q

administration of drugs by placing them under the tongue

A

sublingual

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20
Q

small medication plug designed to melt at body temp within a body cavity other than the mouth

A

suppository

21
Q

application of drug directly to the skin

A

topical route

22
Q

a type of percutaneous drug delivery in which the drug is applied to the skin, passes through the skin, and enters into the blood stream

A

transdermal route

23
Q

drugs that are dispensed to fill each patients drug orders for a 24 hour time period

A

unit-dose drugs

24
Q

what things are required by the US government for a written prescription?

A

date, patients name, name and address of the prescriber, generic or brand name, number of times per day that the drug is to be taken, any specific instructions for use, number of doses dispensed, number of refills allowed, prescriber’s signature

25
Q

what are the eight categories of drug errors?

A

omission, wrong patient, wrong dose, wrong route, wrong rate, wrong dosage form, wrong time, error in preparation of dose

26
Q

when are most drug errors made?

A

while giving drugs

27
Q

safe drug administration requires that the person administering the medication be knowledgeable about:

A

pupose, action, side effects, abnormal reactions, delivery methods, necessary follow-up care

28
Q

what should you know about the patient before administering a drug?

A

history, allergies, previous adverse reactions, pertinent laboratory values and any important changes in his or her condition

29
Q

why is the onset of action slow with a PO medication?

A

because they must be absorbed through the GI tract

30
Q

why should you not give a drug through the NG tube if CO2 is present when the tube is tested?

A

it indicates that the tube is in the trachea rather than the stomach

31
Q

if an NG tube is connected to suction and you give medications through it, how long must you wait before turning the suction back on?

A

at least 30 minutes

32
Q

what is the best position for giving rectal suppositories?

A

the left Sim’s position

33
Q

how long should the patient remain on his or her side after they are given a suppository?

A

about 20 minutes

34
Q

what are the four primary reasons for giving drugs parenterally?

A

be unable to take oral drugs, need a drug that acts rapidly, need a constant blood level of a drug, need drugs such as insulin which are not made in oral form

35
Q

what are the primary uses of intradermal injections?

A

allergy testing, local anesthetics, testing for TB

36
Q

what are the typical injection amounts, and sizes of the needle for a subcutaneous injection?

A

0.5-1 mL; 3/8 to 5/8 inch, 25-27 gauge

37
Q

which subcutaneous medications do you never aspirate before giving?

A

insulin and heparin

38
Q

what are the injection sizes and needle sizes for IM injections?

A

1-3 mL (if more than this divide it in half and use two different injections) needles are 1-1.5 inches and 20-22 gauge

39
Q

IM injections larger than …mL are rare. what should you do if you get an order for this

A

3 mL; carefully calculate and check with another nurse

40
Q

what three things should you monitor the IV site for after administering medication through it?

A

infection, extravasation, infiltration

41
Q

what will happen if an IV line is not patent and you administer the drug?

A

the drug will go into the tissue instead of into the vein and may cause tissue damage

42
Q

what things affect the absorption of percutaneous drugs?

A

size of area covered by the drug, concentration or strength of the drug, time the drug remains in contact with the skin or mucous membranes, condition of the skin (breakdown, thickness, hydration, nutrition, skin tone)

43
Q

what does the transdermal route allow a patient to maintain?

A

a steady blood level of the drug

44
Q

what are some examples of transdermal drugs?

A

nitroglycerin, scopolamine, birth control, nicotine patches, long-term pain drugs

45
Q

should you shave the skin before giving a transdermal drug?

A

no because shaving may cause skin irritation and change the absorption of the drug

46
Q

how do you administer ear drops to a young child vs to an adult

A

with a young child you pull the ear down and back with an adult or older child pull the ear lobe up and out

47
Q

what are drugs that can be given through the mucous membranes?

A

buccal, sublingual, ear drops, eye drops and ointments, nose drops, inhalers, vaginal drugs

48
Q

application of a drug within the cheek or the cavity of the mouth

A

buccal route

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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