CH 2 Public Health, Community Health, and Occupational Therapy

Question 1

Public Health

Answer 1

process of mobilizing local, state, national, and international resources to ensure the conditions in which people can be healthy.

Question 2

What are the four public health strategies

Answer 2

• promoting health and preventing disease
• improving medical care
• promoting health-enhancing behaviors
• controlling the environment

Question 3

The three basic principles of public health (Considered before actions taken to alleviate health concerns

Answer 3

• Assess specific problems affecting the community’s health
• Strategies implemented must be based on scientific knowledge and available resources
• Determine current level of social and political commitment

Question 4

Epidemiology

Answer 4

study of the distribution, frequencies, and determinants of disease, injury, and disability in human populations

Question 5

Incidence

Answer 5

number of new cases of disease, injury, or disability within a specified time frame, typically a year

Question 6

Prevalence

Answer 6

total number of cases of disease, injury, or disability in a community, city, state, or nation existing at one point in time

Question 7

Preventive interventions attempt to reduce___

Answer 7

incidence rate of a disease or injury

Question 8

Early detection procedures and rapid treatment attempt to____

Answer 8

reduce duration of illness

Question 9

Combining the two strategies of prevention and early detection is most effective approach to reducing____

Answer 9

Overall prevalence

Question 10

Primary prevention

Answer 10

Level focusing on healthy individuals who potentially could be at risk for a particular health problem
Goal: Prevent health problem from occurring by maintaining current health and reducing susceptbility
Ex. A healthy person continuing to eat healthy to prevent disease; wearing a seatbelt to avoid or reduce injury if crash

Question 11

Secondary prevention

Answer 11

level focuses on detection and treatment of disease early in its preclinical or clinical stages
Goal: Slow progression, attempt to cure or control ASAP, prevent complications and disability. Reduce communicability
Ex. Person with HT exercises & maintains optimum weight to reduce risk of myocardial infarction

Question 12

Tertiary prevention

Answer 12

measures used in the advanced stages of disease to limit disability and other complications.
Goal: Restore as much functionality possible, rehabilitate, attempt to prevent further damage
Ex. Teach joint protection techniques to clients with RA to prevent deformity/reduce pain. Energy conservation techniques to those w cardiac conditions to prevent overexertion

Question 13

Health Promotion

Answer 13

• any planned combination of educational, political, regulatory, environmental, and organizational supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or communities
• the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
• Key purpose is disease and injury prevention

Question 14

Community

Answer 14

• Communities may be “religious, professional, cultural, political, recreational, and a myriad of others based on groups of people with common bonds”
• Communities are dynamic entities that evolve with the changing characteristics of their members

Question 15

Community health

Answer 15

the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being of a group of people who are linked together in some way, possibly through geographical proximity or shared interests

Question 16

Community Health Interventions: three types- name and purpose

Answer 16

Community-Based = health services provided in community settings targeted at individuals and families in order to improve health and facilitate health behavior change 
Community-Level = seek to modify the norms and behaviors of a population and improve health through sociocultural, political, economic, and environmental changes 
Community-Centered = population-based approaches that are initiated and driven by the community itself using existing resources and seeking external support as needed

Question 17

Goal of Community health promotion

Answer 17

every member of the community experiences a level of well-being and vitality, enabling him or her to choose, participate in, and enjoy the activities of the community

Question 18

determinants of health

Answer 18

policy making, social factors, health services, individual behavior, and biology and genetics.

Question 19

health disparities

Answer 19

a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

Question 20

Occupational Risk Factors

Answer 20