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VA Core Pesticide Manual > CH 2: Principles of Pest Control > Flashcards

CH 2: Principles of Pest Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is a key pest

A

always present, require regular control

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2
Q

What is an occasional pest

A

are migratory or cyclical, require intermittent control

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3
Q

What is a Secondary Pest

A

require control only under certain conditions, such as elimination of a key pest or the absence of a natural host

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4
Q

What is the first step when you see damage to a plant, animal or commodity?

A

Identify the cause

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5
Q

You discover a pest that may need to be controlled, what do you do?

A

Determine if it is responsible for the damage, then identify the pest

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6
Q

How does pest identification help you develop a good pest control strategy

A

Allows you to determine basic information about the pest including its life cycle and when it is most susceptible to control

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7
Q

Name (3) Virginia Tech facilities that can help ID a pest and diagnose an infestation

A

Weed ID Clinic
Plant Disease Clinic
Nematode Assay Lab
Insect Identification Lab

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8
Q

Name (5) basic pest groups

A 
Weeds
Parasites and diseases
mollusks,
arthropods
vertebrates
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9
Q

Why are weeds challenging to control?

A

Hardy, aggressive, tolerant of harsh conditions
Prolific seed spreaders
Seed remains dormant for extended time
Compete for soil moisture, nutrients and sunlight

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10
Q

What is a monocot

A 
grass or sedge
have 1 seed leaf
parallel leaf veins
flower parts are in multiples of threes
fibrous roots
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11
Q

What is a Dicot

A 
broadleaves
2 seed leaves
netlike veins
flower parts are in multiples of 4 or 5
have taproots
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12
Q

Why are perennial weeds harder to control than annual weeds

A

Perennials live for many years

store food underground in plant parts that are hard to reach and control

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13
Q

What pathogens cause most plant and animal diseases

A

Fungi
bacteria
mycoplasmas
viruses

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14
Q

What symptoms do viral plant diseases often cause

A

stunting, yellow rings on leaves, wilting, mosaic patterns (yellow or bleached streaks)

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15
Q

How do parasites harm animals?

A 
host and transmit diseases
reduce weight gain
decrease milk or egg production
interfere with reproduction
lower disease resistance
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16
Q

How do plant-parsitic nematodes harm plants

A

attack the roots stems and leaves
interfere with water and nutrient uptake
Plants wilt

17
Q

How do mollusks harm plants

A

eat foliage and fruit

18
Q

What are arthropods?

A

segmented body
jointed appendages
external skeleton
no backbone

19
Q

What is gradual metamorphosis

A

3 stages:
egg - nymph - adult
no pupa stage

20
Q

What is complete metamorphosis

A

4 stages
egg - larva- pupa - adult
change in body form
may look different from adult

21
Q

Insect characteristics:

A

Insects: 3 body parts
1 or 2 pair of wings
3 pair of legs
one pair of antennae

22
Q

Arachnid characteristics:

A

Arachnids: 2 body parts
zero wings
4 pair of legs
zero antennae

23
Q

What are beneficial insects?

A 
pollinators (bees and butterflies)
pest predators (ladybird beetles, lacewings)
24
Q

How do mites harm plants?

A

suck plant juices, eat undersides of leaves, disfigure plants

25
Q

Define Vertebrate damage

A

destroy feed, eat seeds, traffic accidents, compete with livestock, destroy landscapes, feed on domesticated animals

26
Q

How do you control indoor vertebrates

A

eradication (typically of rodents)

27
Q

How do you control outdoor vertebrates

A

suppression (coyotes, raccoons, beavers) to an acceptable level

28
Q

Define economic threshold

A

level where economic losses caused by a pest begins to be greater than the cost of control

29
Q

How are thresholds important

A

help produces weigh the cost of pest control against the cost of pest infestation

30
Q

Define prevention

A

reducing the chances that a pest will become a problem

31
Q

Define suppression

A

reducing pest numbers or damage to an acceptable level

32
Q

Eradication

A

destroying an entire pest population

33
Q

How to prevent a pest infestation

A

plant weed and disease free seed, choose plants resistant to disease, practice good sanitation, exclude pests from the target area, use pre-emergent herbicides

34
Q

Define regulatory pest control

A

done at state or federal level

may involve eradication or quarantines

35
Q

Define Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

A

Ecological approach
based on habitat and life cycle of pest
Combines chemical and non-chemical methods
Goal is to reduce populations to an acceptable level

VA Core Pesticide Manual (2 decks)

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