Ch 2 Part 2 Atoms Flashcards
Halogens melting point and boiling point
INCREASE as you go down the column
Alkali Metals
Softness trend down column?
Melting and boiling down column?
All are soft enough to cut with knife
Softness INCREASES as you go down column
Melting and boiling point DECREASE as you go down the column
Noble gases
How are mp and bp related for these elements?
Melting and boiling point are very close to each other
Atomic Size
Atomic radius
One half the distance between the centers of 2 bonded atoms
Atomic size trend
Increases as you go from right to left and then down
Valence electrons extend further from the nucleus
Decreases left to right bc electrons are held close to nucleus by increasing greater charge of the nucleus
Ionization energy
Measure of the energy required to removed a valence electron from a gaseous atom
Generally atoms with low ionization do not bind electrons tight and are very reactive
Ionization energy trend
Increases as you go up and left to right
Electrons become closer to nucleus. Protons increase
Bohr
Discovered electrons are confined to specific regions of space
SHELLS
Electrons in first shell vs
Higher numbered shells
Closest to positively charged nucleus and are held strongly by it
They are hardest to remove and low energy
Higher in energy and are easy to remove. They are VALENCE ELECTRONS
Valence electrons
Important bc they participate in chemical reactions
Outer most shells (others are core or inner electrons)
Highest in energy and occupy orbitals further from nucleus
of valence electrons in groups
1-8 just the group number
11-18 group number minus 10
9 and 10 complicated
Lewis dot structure
Show outermost electrons of an atom
Symbol of element surrounded by equivalent dots
Electron configuration
Another way to see how many electrons and valance electrons an atom has
Ex: H 1s2
