Ch 2: Organic Molecules Flashcards
1
Q
Organic
A
Containing carbon
2
Q
Macromolecules
A
polymers built of monomers
3
Q
Anabolism
A
- Building up
- Uses energy
4
Q
Catabolism
A
- break down
- release energy
5
Q
Carbohydrates
A
- F: Short term energy storage
- Monomer: monosaccharide (also disaccharide)
- Polymer: poly saccharide
- Examples: glycogen, starch, glucose, cellulose, chitin, sucrose
6
Q
Lipids (fats and oils)
A
- F: Long term energy storage
- Monomer: Glycerol and fatty acids
- Polymer: triglyceride (1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids)
7
Q
What are the characteristics of saturated vs unsaturated lipids?
A
- Saturated: has max # of hydrogens bonded to it; ridged structure; solid
- unsaturated: does NOT have max # of hydrogens bonded; bent; liquid
8
Q
What are 3 specialized types of lipids and what are their characteristics?
A
- Phospholipids: has a phosphate instead of one of the fatty acids; primary component of cell membranes
- Glycolipids: has a sugar instead of a fatty acid
- Steroids/sterols: Lipids with ring structures; examples include cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen; found in fungi
9
Q
Proteins
A
- F: cellular functions; they do stuff!!
- Monomer: amino acids (20)
- Polymer: (poly)peptide
- examples: enzymes, transporters, bacteriocins, toxins, flagella & cilia, antibodies, etc.
10
Q
What is the relationship between the order of amino acids, protein shape, and protein function?
A
The amino acids determine a protein’s shape, which determines the function
11
Q
Denaturing
A
- Irreversible change
- Protein unfolds
- Cooking eggs example
12
Q
Nucleic acids
A
- F: Storing genetic info
- Monomer: nucleotide
- Polymer: Nucleic acid
- Examples: DNA and RNA; ATP
13
Q
DNA
A
Stores info
14
Q
RNA
A
transports info
15
Q
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
A
- Primary function: energy; carries usable energy for the cell
