Ch 1: The microbial world and you Flashcards
Who created the binomial naming/word system?
Carolus Linnaeus (1735)
What is the Genus and how is it written?
- 1st word
- General category/group organism belongs to
- first letter capitalized
- italics
- “last name”
What is the specific epithet and how is it written?
- 2nd word
- tells you the individual species
- lowercase
- italics
- “first name”
What is the important fact about relation that we need to know?
Organisms with the same genus (last name) and different specific epithets (first names) are more similar than organisms with different genus (last name) but same specific epithet (first name)
Microorgamism/microbe def
A living thing that’s too small to be seen with the naked eye
Define prokaryotic
Genetic information is NOT stored within a nucleus; it’s free within the cytoplasm
Define eukaryotic
Genetic information IS stored inside a nucleus
Name all of the prokaryotic microorganisms
Bacteria & archaea
Name all of the eukaryotic microorganisms
Fungi, protozoa, and algae
Characteristics of bacteria
- Prokaryotic
- unicellular
-has peptidoglycan cell walls - reproduce by binary fission (not mitosis)
Characteristics of archaea
- prokaryotic
- unicellular
- lack cell walls
- extremophiles
Characteristics of fungi (pl)
- sing. fungus
- eukaryotic
- unicellular or multicellular
- consumers
- chitin cell walls
Characteristics of protozoa (pl)
- sing. protozoan
- eukaryotic
- unicellular
- miscellaneous category
Characteristics of viruses
- acellular and tiny
- nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat
- can’t reproduce without a host
Characteristics of algae
- sing. alga
- eukaryotic
- unicellular or multicellular
- cellulose cell walls
- photosynthesizers
- DO NOT have cell specialization
Robert Hooke (17th century, 1665)
- made the term “cell”
- Looked at cork under microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (after Hooke)
- Invented the microscope
- Took note of observations from specimens and called them animalcules
Louis Pasteur
- Disproved spontaneous generation (Redi and Needham)
- Aspetic techniques
- Fermentation and pasteurization
Joseph Lister (1860s)
- Treat surgical wounds and incisions with chemical called phenol (antisepsis)
Robert Koch (1870s)
- Koch’s postulates –> steps that microbiologists can use to link microbes and disease
Edward Jenner (1796)
- Created vaccines
Paul Erlich (1910s)
- Magic bullet
- Stained microbes
- Salvarsan –> first antimicrobial drug; used to treat syphilis; arsenic derivative
Edward Fleming (1928)
- Created Penicillin by accident
