Ch. 2 - Neuroscience

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

organism’s system tissue that distributes & process info

Question 2

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 2

responsible for learning and memory

• brain cord

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 3

relays on CNS info and controls bodily adjustments

Question 4

Autonomic

Answer 4

self-regulated internal organs and glands

Question 5

Somatic

Answer 5

voluntary movements of skeletal

Question 6

sympathetic

Answer 6

arousing (fight)

Question 7

parasympathetic

Answer 7

calming (flight)

Question 8

spinal cord

Answer 8

function:

- send sensory info up to the brain

Question 9

neurons

Answer 9

diff. parts of the body communicate w/ each other through NEURONS

3 neurons:

• sensory
• motor
• interneurons

Question 10

sensory neuron

Answer 10

provide info from outside world

Question 11

motor neuron

Answer 11

responsible for motion via communication between spinal cord and muscles

Question 12

interneuron

Answer 12

connective neurons

Question 13

dendrites

Answer 13

receive the info and transfers it over can

• detect chemical signals neuron
• electrical impulses sent to the axon

Question 14

axon

Answer 14

depends on what the neuron is (can be long or short)

Question 15

cell body

Answer 15

necleus (sensory, interneuron, motor)

aka: soma

Question 16

meylin

Answer 16

protective covering

Question 17

neurotransmitter

Answer 17

(chemicals) w/ each other

Question 18

action potentials

Answer 18

(electrical) with neurons

Question 19

phrenology

Answer 19

study that attempted to determine mental abilities by measuring head shape and size

• looks at the skill, bumps, shapes of the brain
• looks at what actually happens in the brain

Question 20

cerebral cortex

Answer 20

brain structures of the top and side

• outer layer of the brain has a wrinkled appearance so you can fit a lot of surface area into a limited volume

Question 21

Frontal Lobe

Answer 21

• plan and perform actions
• reason, judgement, decision making
• executive fx
  motor cortex

Question 22

Parietal Lobe

Answer 22

• somatosensory (touch)
• language
• reading

Question 23

temporal lobe

Answer 23

• hearing
• learning new facts
• form new memories

Question 24

occipital lobe

Answer 24

• visual processing

Question 25

synaptic plasticity

Answer 25

ability of synapses to change as a result of experience

• the brain is plastic by the way the connections communication

Question 26

what do dissociations tell us about the brain?

Answer 26

within one function (like language) when there is preserved aspects at the expense of others

Question 27

what issues do we have when studying the brain?

Answer 27

• issue is that NOT everyone is the same
• issues decrease when you have a small sample…but larger samples would be most likely true
• memory is not unitary bcoz of dissociation, differences in retrieving info (you use two things)

Question 28

structural imaging

Answer 28

brain scanning and the scans show the size and shape

• MRI
• CT SCAN

Question 29

functional imaging

Answer 29

observing the activity/function of a living brain

• EEG (electric signal)
• PET (blood signal)
• fMRI (blood signal)

Question 30

EEG

Answer 30

• records electrical impulses
• prob = much activity can only be seen from the outer surface
• Good -> TEMPORAL RESOLUTION
• Poor -> SPATIAL RESOLUTION

Question 31

fMRI

Answer 31

measures blood oxygen level dependent signal

• Good -> SPATIAL RESOLUTION
• Poor -> TEMPORAL RESOLUTION

Question 32

PET

Answer 32

positron emission tomography

• invasive (injects radioactive isotope)
• chemical accumulates in diff areas & releases particles which can be detected