ch. 1 - Intro

Question 1

Nativism

Answer 1

philosophical school sugguest knowledge is inborn

• innate

Question 2

Nurture

Answer 2

philosophical idea that we learn from experiences

• empiricism

Question 3

Ebbinghaus

Answer 3

empirical study (collects date)

• experimental: measured memory change by counting how many trials of bx

used nonsense stimuli (wanted to know how many trials it would take to rmbr the list

• Quantitative (numbers)

Question 4

learning curve

Answer 4

explains why we are NOT experts

x-axis = # of trials/attempts
y-axis = performance measure (skills you have is due by practice)

bottom - slow beginning
middle - steep acceleration
top - plateau

Question 5

behaviorism

Answer 5

idea that we should only study observable behaviors

uses:

• classical conditioning
• instrumental conditioning

Question 6

classical conditioning

Answer 6

like the pavlov dog test

learning to respond with a conditioned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Question 7

instrumental conditioning

Answer 7

organisms learn to respond a certain way to avoid important consequences

Question 8

cognitive approach

Answer 8

study of thought, reasoning, and other higher mental functions

• directly observed and studied objectively
• information processor
  (encoding, storage, retrieval)

Question 9

stimulus

Answer 9

sensory event that provides info about the outside world

Question 10

response

Answer 10

behavioral consequence of perception of a stimulus

Question 11

Why are learning and memory studied together?

Answer 11

bcoz you can’t have a memory without learning something (a memory is a recording…memory is not perfect, but constructive (can be manipulated and changed…influenced by many things)

Question 12

learning

Answer 12

a change in behavior, but not permanent