Ch 2: Maintaining Fluid & Electrolyte Balances

Question 1

Adult Body Water %

Answer 1

50-60%

Question 2

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 2

water outside the cell
allows for free passage of electrolytes & water between compartments
Na+ main electrolyte

Question 3

Intravascular Fluid

Answer 3

fluid in vascular space

K+ main electrolyte

Question 4

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 4

fluid inside cells

fluid in RBCs (considered part of IVF is also ICF)

Question 5

Cations

Answer 5

+ electrolytes

Na+ K+ Cl++ Mg++

Question 6

Na+

Answer 6

135-145

Question 7

K+

Answer 7

3.5-5.0

Question 8

Ca++

Answer 8

9-11

Question 9

Mg++

Answer 9

1.8-2.4

Question 10

Anions

Answer 10

• electrolytes

Cl- HCO3- SO4- PO4- Proteins

Question 11

Cl-

Answer 11

105-110

Question 12

HCO3-

Answer 12

25

Question 13

So4- & PO4-

Answer 13

9

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

16

Question 15

3 Major Functions of Electrolytes

Answer 15

1. big role in water distribution by controlling osmotic pressure
2. necessary for the transmission of impulses
3. big part of acid-base balance

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

water moves across a semi permeable membrane

from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration

Question 17

Osmolarity

Answer 17

the unit of measure to define the number of miliosmoles (particles) per liter of solution

Question 18

3 main types of IV solution

Answer 18

Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic

Question 19

Hypotonic

Answer 19

lower osmolarity than normal body fluid
water pulled into cell, cell swells
1/2 NS, D2.5W, 0.33NS

Question 20

Isotonic

Answer 20

same osmolarity as normal body fluid
no effect on cell
NSS, D5W, LR

Question 21

Hypertonic

Answer 21

greater osmolarity as normal body fluid
water pulled out of cell, cell shrinks
D5NS, D51/3NS, D10W

Question 22

4 regulating mechanisms in the body

Answer 22

1. Kidneys
2. Lungs
3. Skin
4. Pituitary Gland

Question 23

Kidneys (regulating mechanisms)

Answer 23

With cardiac system, determine the fluid balance amount and composition of urine that is made & released.
Distal tubules- important with osmolarity & fluid. Renal disease, cardiac failure, shock, post-op stress can impair system.
Adrenal Glands- secrete aldosterone, hormone that increases resorption of Na+ from tubules, therefore maintaining normal sodium concentration.

Question 24

Lungs (regulating mechanisms)

Answer 24

major source of insensible fluid loss via respiration.

Question 25

Skin (regulating mechanisms)

Answer 25

major source of insensible fluid loss via perspiration.

Question 26

Pituitary Gland

Answer 26

Releases ADH to prevent diuresis by increasing respiration of water.