Ch 1: A&P of Vascular System

Question 1

Tunica Adventitia

Answer 1

outermost

areolar CT

Question 2

Tunica Media

Answer 2

middle
muscular & elastic tissue, nerve fibers
gives vessel ability to vasodilate/constrict r/t impulses (veins can collapse / distend)

Question 3

Tunica Intima

Answer 3

innermost
smooth, flat endothelial cells (allows platelets to flow freely)
in larger veins, endothelial layer contains valves- esp. where veins branch off, that ensure blood flows to heart

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

unoxygenated blood --> heart
dark red blood
has valves 
can collapse 
superficial
do not pulsate

Question 5

Arteries

Answer 5

oxygenated blood from heart to body
bright red
no valves
cannot collapse
deep in tissue- protected by muscle
DO pulsate

Question 6

If hit artery instead of vein…

Answer 6

remove needle & hold pressure on site for at least 5 minutes (until bleeding stops)
sterile dressing.

Question 7

situations that change location of veins

Answer 7

edema
excess fat
IV drug abuse
burns
scar tissue, etc

Question 8

Thrombosis risk

Answer 8

higher in deep veins in lower extremities (veins in LE commonly unite with deep veins)
Therefore, superficial veins in UEs are preferred for IV therapy

Question 9

Dorsalis Digital

Answer 9

Joined by communicating branches

usually last resort because of curvature & size

Question 10

Dorsalis Metacarpal

Answer 10

Formed by a union of the digital veins on the dorsum of the hand & between the knuckles.
more suitable for IV therapy.
use early in therapy to save the larger veins of the upper arm

Question 11

Cephalic

Answer 11

along radial border

position & size makes it a great choice to infuse irritating meds & blood

Question 12

Basilic

Answer 12

along ulnar border

position outside antecubital fossa increases risk of forming hematomas

Question 13

Median Cubital Vein

Answer 13

just below elbow bend

connects cephalic & basilic veins