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Herbalism 101 > Ch 2 L 1: The Immune System > Flashcards

Ch 2 L 1: The Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the immune system?

A

protects the body form “not self” entities, such as infections and bacteria

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2
Q

what is the “Terrain Theory”?

A

the idea that the internal strength of the individual will protect (or fail to protect) them from disease

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3
Q

What is “Germ Theory”?

A

the idea that disease is caused ONLY by germs, with no other factors playing a part.

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4
Q

How can stress negatively impact overall health and the immune system?

A

Stress releases chemicals that oxidate the blood, leading to damage to the blood vessels. This damage can result in high cholesterol and and increased risk of heart diseases.

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5
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

a disease-causing oarganism

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6
Q

What is a microbe?

A

a microscopic pathogen

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7
Q

Give at least two examples of microbes.

A

Bacteria
Fungus
Protozoa
Virus

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8
Q

What is an antigen?

A

any foreign substance that triggers an immune response

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9
Q

Are all pathogens types of antigens?

A

Yep

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10
Q

Are all antigens types of pathogens?

A

nope, nope, nope!

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11
Q

Name at least two examples of immune system failure.

A

Autoimmune
Allergies
Immunodeficiency

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12
Q

If the immune system is attacking the body, this is called…

A

Auto immune

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13
Q

If the immune system is over reacting to simple antigens (such as pollen, dust, etc.) this is…

A

Allergies

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14
Q

If the immune system is failing to respod at all, this is…

A

Immunodeficiency

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15
Q

What is an immune respnse?

A

How the body recognizes, responds to, and defends against a pathogen

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16
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

non-specific defenses present from birth, including cough reflex, tears and saliva

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17
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

After the immune system “meets” a pathogen for the first time, it “remembers” how to fight the pathogen, so that it can “kill” it quicker and more efficiently the next time they meet.

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18
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Antibodies introduced from another organism or individual, such as antibodies passed along in mother’s milk during nursing.

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19
Q

Name at least three components of the external immune system.

A 
Skin
Tears
Mucus
Saliva
Stomach acid
Langerhans Cells
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20
Q

How does the internal immune system respond to pathogens?

A

Works to identify the pathogen and organize a coordinated attaqck to suppress, contain and/or destroy the pathogen.

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21
Q

What is the function of the lymph system?

A

remove waste, toxins and pathogens by “sweeping” the body and carrying the nasty stuff to lymph nodes for filtration. FUN FACT: they swell during a bacterial infection!

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22
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

a super large lymph node, it filters blood and scrubs down antibody coated bacteria. FUN FACT: Contains 50% of the body’s monocyte population!

23
Q

what is the function of bone marrow?

A

the home of leukocyte production.

24
Q

… what is a leukocyte?

A

white blood cells (the SEAL Team 6 of the immune system!)

25
Q

Name three types of Leukocytes.

A

Granulocytes
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

26
Q

What do granulocytes do?

A

respond to chemicals from inflammation, parasites, allergies and pathogens

27
Q

name three types of granulocytes.

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

28
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

Eat and dispose of pathogens, dead cellular debris, and when needed, use chemical signals to call for more reinforcements.

29
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

retain the “pthogen record” to help the body fight better the next time a given pathogen is encountered.

30
Q

Name two types of lymphocytes.

A

T-cells

B-cells

31
Q

Name at least two things that B-cells will respond to.

A

Bacteria
Exposed viruses
Antigens

32
Q

What do B-cells do?

A

Respond to a variety of pathogens, and produce increased amounts of antibodies to neutralize “foreign objects”.

33
Q

Name at least two things that T-cells respond to.

A 
Viruses
Infected cells
Fungi
SOME bacteria
The Self
Transplants
34
Q

What do T-cells do?

A

Cell-to-cell interactions

Cause pathogen infected cells to die (Zombie Hunters)

35
Q

What are antibodies?

A

large proteins that identify and neutralize bacteria and viruses

36
Q

What does the thymus gland do?

A

Produces T-cells in utero, and identifies and destroy corrupt T-cells, while replicating the healthy happy T-cells.

37
Q

Name at least three immunomodulating botanicals.

A 
Ginseng
Licorice
Shiitake
Reishi
Eleuthero
38
Q

Name at least three immune stimulating botanicals.

A 
Astragalus
Echinacea
Garlic
Prickly Ash
Andrographis
39
Q

Give at least three functions of ginseng.

A

CNS stimulant
Adaptogen
Restores and strengthens immune system
Increases life span and growth of healthy cells

40
Q

What is the function of ginseng, in traditional Chinese medicine?

A

Tones the qi

Beneficial to stomach and lungs

41
Q

What is the average adult dosage and preparation for ginseng decoction?

A

Preparation: 1.5 ts. dried root:8 oz. (1 c.) water, decocted for 15 minutes and strained.
Dose: 1 cup (8 oz.) three times a day

42
Q

What part of ginseng is used?

A

roots

43
Q

What is the average adult dosage and preparation of ginseng tincture?

A

Preparation: 1 dried ginseng:5 60% alcohol
Dose: 1-2 mL three times a day

44
Q

What is the scientific name of ginseng?

A

Panax ginseng

45
Q

What part of licorice is used?

A

root

46
Q

what is the scientific name of licorice?

A

Glycyrrhiza glabra

47
Q

When is licorice root contraindicated?

A

Pre-existing high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and pregnancy

48
Q

Why is licorice root contraindicated for certain pre-existing conditions?

A

Contains glycyrrhin, which can cause a drop in potassium concentrations, leading to increased blood pressure, weakness, and congestive heart failure.

49
Q

I really want to use licorice root, but I have one of the contraindicated conditions… Can I still use it?

A

YES! Just makes sure to use a deglycyrrhizinated root extract- that is safe to use!

50
Q

Name at least three actions of Licorice.

A 
Anti-spasmodic
Laxative
Anti-inflammatory
Demulcent
Expectorant
51
Q

What are some of the benefits of licorice?

A

antihepatotoxin
Reduces gastric irritation
supports lung health

52
Q

What is the benefit of the glycyrrhizin?

A

increases the production of hydrocortizone, thereby decreasing inflammation, by stimulating the adrenal cortex

53
Q

What are the average adult dosage and decoction ratios for licorice?

A

Ratio- 0.5-1 tsp dried licorice: 8 oz. water, decocted 15 minutes and strained
Dose: 8 oz. (1 cup) three times per day

54
Q

what is the average adult dosage and preparation ratio for licorice tincture?

A

ratio- 1:5 40% alcohol

Dose: 1-3 mL 3x/day

Herbalism 101 (31 decks)

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