Ch 2 - GENETICS Flashcards
1
Q
cell
A
- smallest unit of life
- building blocks of living things
2
Q
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
A
- in all living things
- contains genes
3
Q
nucleus
A
- contains DNA
- ‘control center’ of cell
4
Q
gene
A
- segment of DNA molecule with coded set of instructions
5
Q
Chromosomes
A
Coils of DNA prior to cell division
6
Q
Autosomes vs sex chromosomes
A
- Autosomes - non sex chroms
- Sex chroms - chroms determine sex of organism
7
Q
Base names
A
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
8
Q
nucleotides
A
- compounds (DNA building blocks)
- Contain: phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), nitrogen base
9
Q
Chromatid
A
sim half of replicated chrom
10
Q
Centromere
A
part of chrom linking sister chromatids
11
Q
telomere
A
cap of DNA so it can copy safely without losing info
12
Q
fertalisation
A
sperm penetrate ovum
13
Q
gamete
A
sex cells like sperm & ova
14
Q
locus
A
position occupied by a gene on a chrom
15
Q
somatic cells
A
non sex cells
16
Q
codon
A
- seq of 3 bases coding for spec am a.
17
Q
protein
A
- mol made of am a.
- eg enz, haemo, antibods
18
Q
amino acid
A
- organic compound making building blocks of prot
- ess. from food non ess. made in bod
19
Q
RNA
A
- ribonucleic acid containing ribose sugar
- shorter & single strand
- U for T
20
Q
Monomer
A
mol. used as building blocks for bigger mol known as polymer
21
Q
Genome
A
complete set of genes in cell/organism
22
Q
mRNA
A
- Single stranded RNA
- copied from DNA temp. strand carried gen. to ribo for translation
23
Q
tRNA
A
- mol transport am a to complimentary mRNA codons in ribo
- contain ANTICODON
