Ch. 2 - Cell Division & mutation

Question 1

mutation

Answer 1

changes to DNA sequence, at gene or chromosomal level

Question 2

mutagen

Answer 2

factor that can induce/increase rate of mutation

Question 3

spontaneous vs induced

Answer 3

• mut. can’t be explained/identified
• mut. cause identifiable
• eg chem, infection, radiation

Question 4

interphase

Answer 4

• DNA & organelles replicate

Question 5

prophase

Answer 5

• Chromatin condense
• Nucleus dissolve

Question 6

metaphase

Answer 6

• chroms line at equator
• spindle fibre grow at each pole & attach to chrom

Question 7

anaphase

Answer 7

• spindle fibre retract chroms to opp poles

Question 8

telophase

Answer 8

• nucleus reforms

Question 9

cytokinesis

Answer 9

entire cell splits

Question 10

diploid vs haploid

Answer 10

• di - cell w. 2 set of chrom
• hap - cell w. 1 set of chrom

Question 11

Mitosis

Answer 11

• cell division proc. making 2 gen. sim cell
• SAME no. chrom

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

-Cell division proc. making 4 new cell
- each r haploids

Question 13

order of mitosis

Answer 13

(inter)
pro, meta, ana, telo
(cytokinesis)

Question 14

homologous

Answer 14

• matching chrom w. centromere, gene loc, size & banding patterns

Question 15

phenotype

Answer 15

-physical/measurable effect of the gene
- eg hair colour

Question 16

genotype

Answer 16

• gen. instruct. (DNA) inherited from parents at spec. gene locus
• eg hom. dom, hom. rec etc

Question 17

allele

Answer 17

• diff copies of the same gene
• eg same gene coding for diff hair colour

Question 18

dom vs rec

Answer 18

• dom - 1 copy defines phenotype
• rec - only expressed when theres 2 copies of allele

Question 19

Hom.dom, hom.rec, heterozygous

Answer 19

• hom.dom - HH
• hom.rec - hh
• heterozygous - Hh

Question 20

sex linked inheritance

Answer 20

inherited traits coded by genes located on sex chroms