CH 2 Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces, and Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

Question 1

hydrocarbons

Answer 1

are compounds that only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 2

alkanes

Answer 2

are hydrocarbon that do not have multiple bonds between carbon atoms

Question 3

alkenes

Answer 3

contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond

Question 4

alkynes

Answer 4

contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond

Question 5

aromatic compound

Answer 5

cantain a special type of ring, the most common example of which is a benzene ring

Question 6

saturated compounds

Answer 6

compounds contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that the carbon compound can posess, compounds such as alkanes

Question 7

unsaturated compounds

Answer 7

compounds with multiple bonds posess fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, and they are capable of reacting with hydrogen under the proper conditions, compounds such as alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrogencarbons

Question 8

polar covalent bond

Answer 8

a covalent bond in which the electrons are not equally shared because of differing electronegativities of the bonded atoms

Question 9

dipole moment

Answer 9

it is defined as the product of the charged in electrostatic units (esu) and the distance that separates them in centimeters

Question 10

functional groups

Answer 10

are common and specific arrangements of atoms that impart predictable reactivity and properties to a molecule

Question 11

alkyl groups

Answer 11

are groups that we identify for purposes of naming compounds; an alkyl group is represented by the R symbol

Question 12

carbonyl group

Answer 12

a group in which a carbon atom has a double bond to oxygen

Question 13

infrared (IR) spectroscopy

Answer 13

a simple and rapid instrumental technique that can give evidence for the presence of various functional grops