Ch. 2 (Clayton)- principles of drug act. & interactions

Question 0

antagonist

Answer 0

drugs that attach to a receptor but DO NOT stimulate a response

Question 1

agonist

Answer 1

drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response

Question 2

5 stages drugs go through:

Answer 2

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME)

Question 3

percutaneous

Answer 3

inhalation, sublingual, topical

Question 4

liberation

Answer 4

drug released from the dosage form

Question 5

2 factors that influence drug distribution:

Answer 5

protein binding

lipid (fat) solubility

Question 6

a carrier in blood for relatively insoluble drugs:

Answer 6

albumin

Question 7

drugs bound to plasma proteins are……?

Answer 7

pharmacologically inactive b/c the large size of the complex keeps them in the bloodstream and prevents them from reaching the sites of action, metabolism and excretion

Question 8

the more lipid soluble drugs have…?

Answer 8

high affinity for adipose tissue

Question 9

metabolism (biotransformation)

Answer 9

process by whereby the body inactivates the drug

Question 10

2 primary routes of drug excretion?

Answer 10

GI tract to the feces

renal tubules into the urine

Question 11

half-life

Answer 11

the amount of time required for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body

Question 12

percentage of pt’s suffering ADR’s

Answer 12

6%

Question 13

what medication have the highest ADR’s?

Answer 13

antibiotics
cardiovascular meds
chemotherapy agents
analgesics
anti-inflammatory agents

Question 14

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 14

occurs when something unusual or abnormal happens when a drug is first administeredr

Question 15

allergic reaction A.K.A…?

Answer 15

hypersensitivity….6-8% occurance

Question 16

urticaria

Answer 16

also known as “hives”- irregular shaped patterns, itchy

Question 17

who is most sensitive to drugs?

Answer 17

infants

old people

Question 18

nocebo effect

Answer 18

less than optimal outcome of therapy

Question 19

only the ________drug is pharmacologically active

Answer 19

unbound

Question 20

what are phenobarbitral, carbamazepine, rifampin, phenytoin?

Answer 20

common enzyme inducers

Question 21

addictive effect

Answer 21

two drugs with similar actions taken for double effect

Question 22

synergistic effect

Answer 22

the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of the effect of each drug given alone

Question 23

antagonist effect

Answer 23

one drug interferes with the action of another

Question 24

displacement

Answer 24

the displacement of the first drug from protein binding sites (bound drugs are inactive) by a second drug increases the activity of the first drug b/c more unbound drug is available