Ch 2: Chemistry Flashcards
What is mass?
The actual amount of matter in an object.
What are the different states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gaseous
What is energy?
The capacity to do work, or to put matter into motion.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy in action.
What is potential energy?
Stored energy (inactive)
What is chemical energy?
Energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances.
What is electrical energy?
Energy resulting from the movement of charged particles.
What is mechanical energy?
Energy directly involved in moving matter.
What is radiant energy? (Electromagnetic)
Energy that travels in waves.
What are elements?
Unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods.
What four elements make up 96% of our body weight?
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
What is an atom?
Identical particles or building blocks that make up an element.
An atoms nucleus contains:
Protons and neutrons
The atomic mass is the number of:
Protons and neutrons
The atomic number is the number of :
Protons
What two elements have to be included to be considered organic?
Carbon and hydrogen
What elements helps make proteins?
Nitrogen
What is an isotope?
An element’s structural variation that have the same number of protons and electrons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms (of the same element) that have combined.
What is a compound?
When two or more different atoms bond
What is a solution?
A homogeneous (exactly the same composition) mixture of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids.
What is the solvent of a solution?
The substance present in the greatest amount.
What is the solute of a solution?
Substances present in the smaller amounts
*very tiny particles, do not settle or scatter
What is Avogrado’s number?
6.02 X 10^23
One mole of any substances always contains exactly the same number of solute particles
What is a colloid?
Heterogeneous mixtures, also called emulsions.
*larger particles scatter, does not settle
What is a suspension?
Heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out.
*settles out, particles separate
What is an electron shell?
The electron cloud around the nucleus of an atom
What is a valence shell?
An atom’s outermost energy level containing the electrons that are chemically reactive.
What is an ion?
A charged atom
What is a cation?
A positively charger ion
What is a anion?
A negatively charger ion
What is an ionic bond?
A chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.
What is a covalent bond?
electron sharing produces molecules in which the shared electrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms
What is a polar covalent bond?
An unequal sharing of electrons producing partial positive and partial negative molecules
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
Balance sharing of electrons
What is electronegativity?
When an atom is electron-hungry and attract electrons very strongly
*7-8 valence shell electrons
What is electropositive?
Electron-attracting is so low that they usually lose their valence shell electrons to other atoms
*1-2 valence shell electrons
What are hydrogen bonds?
Attractions to true bonds, form when a hydrogen atom (already linked covalently to an electronegative atom) is attracted by another electron-hungry atom
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
