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Anatomy > Ch 2: Chemistry > Flashcards

Ch 2: Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is mass?

A

The actual amount of matter in an object.

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2
Q

What are the different states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, gaseous

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3
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity to do work, or to put matter into motion.

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4
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy in action.

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5
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy (inactive)

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6
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances.

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7
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

Energy resulting from the movement of charged particles.

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8
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

Energy directly involved in moving matter.

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9
Q

What is radiant energy? (Electromagnetic)

A

Energy that travels in waves.

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10
Q

What are elements?

A

Unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods.

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11
Q

What four elements make up 96% of our body weight?

A

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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12
Q

What is an atom?

A

Identical particles or building blocks that make up an element.

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13
Q

An atoms nucleus contains:

A

Protons and neutrons

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14
Q

The atomic mass is the number of:

A

Protons and neutrons

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15
Q

The atomic number is the number of :

A

Protons

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16
Q

What two elements have to be included to be considered organic?

A

Carbon and hydrogen

17
Q

What elements helps make proteins?

A

Nitrogen

18
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An element’s structural variation that have the same number of protons and electrons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

19
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms (of the same element) that have combined.

20
Q

What is a compound?

A

When two or more different atoms bond

21
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogeneous (exactly the same composition) mixture of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids.

22
Q

What is the solvent of a solution?

A

The substance present in the greatest amount.

23
Q

What is the solute of a solution?

A

Substances present in the smaller amounts

*very tiny particles, do not settle or scatter

24
Q

What is Avogrado’s number?

A

6.02 X 10^23

One mole of any substances always contains exactly the same number of solute particles

25
Q

What is a colloid?

A

Heterogeneous mixtures, also called emulsions.

*larger particles scatter, does not settle

26
Q

What is a suspension?

A

Heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out.

*settles out, particles separate

27
Q

What is an electron shell?

A

The electron cloud around the nucleus of an atom

28
Q

What is a valence shell?

A

An atom’s outermost energy level containing the electrons that are chemically reactive.

29
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom

30
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positively charger ion

31
Q

What is a anion?

A

A negatively charger ion

32
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.

33
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

electron sharing produces molecules in which the shared electrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms

34
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

An unequal sharing of electrons producing partial positive and partial negative molecules

35
Q

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

A

Balance sharing of electrons

36
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

When an atom is electron-hungry and attract electrons very strongly

*7-8 valence shell electrons

37
Q

What is electropositive?

A

Electron-attracting is so low that they usually lose their valence shell electrons to other atoms

*1-2 valence shell electrons

38
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Attractions to true bonds, form when a hydrogen atom (already linked covalently to an electronegative atom) is attracted by another electron-hungry atom

39
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Anatomy (3 decks)

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