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Anatomy > Ch 1: Human Body > Flashcards

Ch 1: Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

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2
Q

Anatomy is concrete. Therefore it can be:

A

Seen, felt and examined closely.

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3
Q

What is physiology?

A

The function of the body, how the body works.

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4
Q

What are the 6 different types of anatomy?

A
  1. Macroscopic (gross)
  2. Microscopic
  3. Developmental
  4. Pathological (illness)
  5. Imaging
  6. Palpation
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5
Q

What are the 3 different types of macroscopic anatomy?

A

Regional
Systemic
Surface

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6
Q

What are the 2 different types of microscopic anatomy?

A

Cytology, the study of cells.

Histology, the study of tissues.

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7
Q

What is embryology?

A

The study of anatomy before birth.

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8
Q

What is regional anatomy?

A

All the structures including muscles bones blood vessels and nerves are in a particular region of the body.

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9
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

The study of the body structure system by system.

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10
Q

What is surface anatomy?

A

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

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11
Q

What is palpation?

A

Feeling organs with your hands.

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12
Q

What is auscultation?

A

Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope.

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13
Q

What does the principle of complementarity of structure and function express?

A

Function always reflects structure.

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14
Q

What are the body systems? (11 systems)

A 
Integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
Respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive
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15
Q

What are the 3 essential concepts of all living organisms?

A
  1. Complementarity of structure and function
  2. Hierarchy of structural organization
  3. Homeostasis
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of physiology?

A

Electrical
Mechanical
Chemical

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17
Q

Catabolism

A

To break down smaller (c=cut)

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18
Q

Anabolism

A

To build bigger “synthesize” (a=add to)

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19
Q

Homeostasis

A

Keeping the balance, making slight adjustments to keep all functions working properly

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20
Q

On homeostasis control, the stimulus…

A

Produces change in the variable

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21
Q

In homeostasis control, the receptor…

A

Detects the change

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22
Q

In homeostasis control, the input…

A

Is sent along the AFFERENT PATHWAY to the control center

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23
Q

In homeostasis control, the output…

A

Is info sent along the EFFERENT PATHWAY to the effector

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24
Q

In homeostasis control, the response…

A

Is when the effector feeds back to reduce the effect of the stimulus and returns the variable to normal

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25
Q

Negative Feedback

A

The output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus (homeostasis control)

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26
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Response enhances original stimulus so the response is enhanced. (Blood clotting or child labor)

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27
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body erect, with feet slightly apart and palms face up. “Standing at attention”

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28
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Toward the hood and or upper part of a structure or the body; above

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29
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Away from the head and or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

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30
Q

Ventral (anterior)

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

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31
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

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32
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

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33
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

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34
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a more medial in a more lateral structure

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35
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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36
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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37
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Toward or at the body surface

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38
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface; more internal

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39
Q

Cephalic

A

Head area

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40
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

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41
Q

Orbital

A

Eyes

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42
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

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43
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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44
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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45
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

46
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest area

47
Q

Sternal

A

Middle chest

48
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

49
Q

Mammary

A

Nipple

50
Q

Abdominal

A

Belly area

51
Q

Umbilical

A

Belly button

52
Q

Pelvic

A

Under belly area

53
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

54
Q

Pubic

A

Genital

55
Q

Upper limb area

A

Arms

56
Q

Acromial

A

Shoulder

57
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

58
Q

Antecubital

A

Inside elbow

59
Q

Olecranal

A

Outside elbow

60
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

61
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

62
Q

Manus area

A

Hands

63
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

64
Q

Metacarpal

A

Back of hand

65
Q

Palmar

A

Inside of hand

66
Q

Digital

A

Finger

67
Q

Lower limb area

A

Legs

68
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

69
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

70
Q

Patellar

A

Knee cap

71
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

72
Q

Brutal

A

Leg (lower)

73
Q

Sural

A

Calf

74
Q

Fibular or peroneal

A

Outside of lower leg

75
Q

Pedal area

A

Feet

76
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

77
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

78
Q

Metatarsal

A

Top of foot

79
Q

Digital

A

Toes

80
Q

Plantar

A

Bottom of foot

81
Q

Gallic

A

Big toe

82
Q

Otic

A

Ears

83
Q

Occipital

A

Back of head

84
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

85
Q

Vertebral

A

Spine

86
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back on outer sides of spine

87
Q

Sacral

A

Beneath spine, above butt

88
Q

Gluteal

A

Butt

89
Q

Perineal

A

Between anus and external genitalia

90
Q

Axial part

A

Head, neck and trunk

91
Q

Appendicular part

A

Appendages (arms and legs) attached to axis

92
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

93
Q

Median or midsagittal plane

A

Sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline

94
Q

Parasagittal planes

A

Sagittal planes offset from the midline

95
Q

Frontal planes

A

Lie vertically, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts

Also called coronal planes

96
Q

Transverse or horizontal planes

A

Runs horizontally from right to left and dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

97
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Protects the fragile nervous system organs, has two subdivisions, the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity

98
Q

Cranial cavity

A

In the skull, encases the brain

99
Q

Vertebral or spinal cavity

A

Runs within the bony vertebral column and encloses the delicate spinal cord

100
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

The more interior and larger of the 2 body cavities; has two subdivisions that the thoracic cavity in the abdominopelvic cavity

101
Q

Viscera

A

Housed by the ventral body cavity, internal organs in a body cavity

102
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest, subdivided into lateral pleural cavities

103
Q

Pleural cavities

A

Each enveloping a lung in the medial mediastinum

104
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Located in the mediastinum, encloses the heart and it also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs (esophagus, trachea)

105
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Separated from the Thoracic cavity by the diaphragm, dome shaped muscle important in breathing. Contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

106
Q

Abdominal cavity contains:

A

Contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs

107
Q

Pelvic cavity, location and contents:

A

Lies in the bony pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum

108
Q

Serosa or serous membrane

A

Thin double layered membrane that covers the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains

109
Q

Parietal serosa

A

The part of the membrane lining the cavity walls

110
Q

Visceral serosa

A

The part of the membrane covering the organs in the cavity

111
Q

Serous fluid

A

thin layer of lubricated fluid that separates the serous membrane

Anatomy (3 decks)

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