Ch 2: Cells, Organs, and Microenviroments of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What two major lineages does HSCs make

A

CMP (all RBCs granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages) and CLPs (Lymphocytes, and NK cells)

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2
Q

The Erythroid lineage

A

the subsection CMP cells that give rise to all RBCs

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3
Q

The Myeloid Lineage

A

the subsection of CMP cells that give rise to the granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages

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4
Q

What can happen if a TF for hematopoiesis is mutates

A

the mammal can die from the inability to populate their white blood or red blood cell counts OR from a lack of an immune response

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5
Q

Granulocytes

A

Front line of attack and part of the innate immune system

These are leukocytes can be further divided into 
neutrophiles
basophils
mast cells
eosinophiles
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6
Q

Neutrophils

A

the majority of circulating leukocytes

short lifespan (only a few days)

increase in numbers in tissue in response to infections

phagocytose bacteria and 0pathogens and can secrete antimicrobial proteins. Recruit and can be recruited by cytokines and act as effector cells

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7
Q

Professional antigen presenting cell

A

(APC)

Myeloid lineage

celllar bridges between the adaptive and the innate immune system

Dendritic cells play an important role in antigen presentation, and activation fo naive T cells

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8
Q

Monocytes differentiate into

A

Macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells

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9
Q

Macrophages play an important role in

A

regulation fo repair and regeneration of tissu

innate imune resposer and pathogen erradication via phagocytosis

Activation of T helper cells via antigen presentation, which in turn can cen to regulate and enhance macrophage activity

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10
Q

opsonization

A

a process that enchances phagocytosis of an antigen

antibody = opsonin and increases the rate of phagocytosis

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11
Q

How are follicular dendritic cells different from normal dendritic cells

A

do not arise in the bone marrow

do not function as antigen presenting cells for T helper cell activation

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12
Q

Antigen presenting cells (APC)

A

myeloid cells

lymphoid derived DCs

B lymphocytes

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13
Q

three catacorgies of lymphocytes

A
B cells (recognize soluble antigen)
T cells (recognize MHC bound antigen)
NK cells (recognize the absence of MHC1)
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14
Q

Purpose of effector cells

A

carry out specific functions to combat the pathogen

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15
Q

What do activated B cells differentiate into

A

effector cells known as plasma cells

Plasma cells lose expression of surface immunoglobulin and become specialized for secretion of antibody

plasma cell do not divide most live 1 to two weeks

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16
Q

Which types of cells express MHC1

A

nearly all nucleated cells of vertebrates

17
Q

Which types of cells express MHC2

A

Professional antigen presenting cells and a few other types of cells during inflammation

18
Q

How can you distinguish Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells

A

Th cells have CD4 and recognize antigen in complex with MHC2

Tc cells have the CD8 marker and recognize antigen in complex with MHC1

19
Q

What do CD8 T cells require to mature

A

MHC1-peptide complex as well as CD4 T cells`

20
Q

Th1

A

regulate the immune response to intracelluar pathogens

21
Q

Th2

A

Regulate the immune response to extracellular pathogens

22
Q

Th17

A

Secreate IL-17 and play an important role in cell-mediated immunity

23
Q

T follicular helper cells

A

Play an important role in humoral immunity and regulate B-cell development in germinal centers

subsect of CD4+ T cells

24
Q

T regulatory cells

A

Have the unqiue capacity to inhibit an immune response

CD4
CD25

25
Q

T cell negative selection

A

Thymocytes whose T cell receptors bind to self MHC-peptide complexes with too high of an affinity are induced to die

26
Q

T cell positive selection

A

THymocytes that bind self MHC-peptide complexes with an intermediate affinity undergo positive selection resulting in their survival

27
Q

which part of the immune system are NK and myeloid cells a part of

A

innate

28
Q

which part of the immune system are lymphocytes a part of

A

adaptive