Ch 1: Overview of The Immune System

Question 1

Cellular Immunity

Answer 1

A system of cells that can recognize and kill or engulf a pathogen

Question 2

Humoral Immunity

Answer 2

A myriad of soluble proteins that help to orchestrate labeling and destruction of foreign invaders

Question 3

Which immune cells are capable of detecting changes in a host cell after it has become infected

Answer 3

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
=CTLs or Tc Cells

as well as a range of other cytotoxic cells

Question 4

Which immune cells help to guide the behaviour of other immune cells, including B cells and are thus pivitol for selecting the pathway taken by the immune response

Answer 4

T helper cells

=Th cell

Question 5

Why is the destruction of T helper cells during infection of HIV bad

Answer 5

once depleted, the directional cues needed for a healthy immune response are gone

this is why it is called an immunodeficiency virus

Question 6

Generation of Diversity

Answer 6

employed only by developing B and T lymphocytes. The result is a group of B and T cells where each expresses many copies of one unique molecule, resulting in a population with the theoretical potential to respond to any antigen that may come along

this is accomplished by rearranging and editing the genome that encodes the antigen receptor

Question 7

What happenes when a antigen binds to a Lymphocyte

Answer 7

when a lymphocytes cognate// specific antigen is encountered clonal expansion is triggered

Question 8

Tolerance

Answer 8

self/ non-self discrimination

exposure to non-self antigens at an early stage of life could result in an immune system that ignored these antigens later

Question 9

The danger hypothesis

Answer 9

death is a normal part of cellular life = homeostatic processes, clean up crew required to remove debris, no other signals

however mechanical damage and infection is not. Warnig signals released, = DANGER SIGNALS can bind to PRR’s to get immune cells engaged in a response

Question 10

Complement

Answer 10

Serum protiens that bid common pathogen associated structures and initiate a cascade of labeling and destruction events

Question 11

Memory cells

Answer 11

Kin of the final and most efficient T and B lymphocytes trained during the first response

can remain for decades depending on the antigen

during the secondary response to a given antigen, the pathogen is usually dispatched without any sign of symptoms