Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

330 SPA > Ch. 2: Breathing and speech production/ breathing Apparatus > Flashcards

Ch. 2: Breathing and speech production/ breathing Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy of breathing

A

skeletal superstructure

breathing apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many vertebrae are there?

A

34

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many sacral vertebrae?

A

5 (which are fused)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many coccygeal vertebrae?

A

5 (which are fused)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many ribs?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do the ribs attach to?

A

the sternum and costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what makes up the pectoral girdle?

A

clavicles (2) (collarbones)

scapulae (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what makes up the pelvic girdle?

A

coxal bone (2) aka hip bones, combine with the sacral + coccygeal portions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the breathing apparatus include?

A

pulmonary apparatus
chest wall
pulmonary - chest wall unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • provide oxygen of cells of the body

- remove carbon dioxide from cells

A

physiology of the pulmonary apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • pulmonary airways (aka pulomanary tree)

- lungs

A

anatomy of the pulmonary apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vertebrae / spinal nerves
ribs
pectoral girdle
pelvic girdle

A

what makes up the skeletal superstructure of the breathing apparatus?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

trachea
bronchi
alveolor

A

breakdown the pulmonary airways (aka pulmonary tree) : tubes! :

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • c shaped cartilages with open-ends towards the back.

- flexible wall shared with the esophagus.

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bronchi breakdown:

m
l
s
s
s
t
b
t
r
A 
main-stem bronchi
lobar bronchi
segmental bronchi
subsegmental bronchi
small bronchi
terminal bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

alveolor breakdown:

A

alveolor ducts
alveolor sacs
alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

(300 million) : where O2 and CO2 are exchanged

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pair of spongy structures with resilient elastic fibers.

A

lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

visceral pleura
parietal pleura
lubricant

A

parts of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lungs are covered with this airtight membrane.

A

visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

inner surface of chest wall where it contacts the lungs.

A

parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  • allows pleura to move easily upon one another.

- links two pleura together (“pleural linkage”) so that the lungs and chest wall move as a unit.

A

lubricant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • encases and provides structure for pulmonary apparatus.

- made up of muscles.

A

chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  • rib cage wall
  • diaphragm
  • abdominal wall
A

chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  • dome -shaped muscle, like an inverted bowl. Left side slightly lower than right.
  • muscle includes central tendon.
A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  • connective tissue and several large muscles.

- increased: stomach, intestines… suspended from above by a suction force underneath the diaphragm.

A

abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
sternocleidomastoid
scalenus (anterior,medius, posterior)
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subclavius
serratus anterior
external intercostals 
internal intercostals 
transversus thoracis
latissimus dorsi
serratus posterior inferior 
lateral iliocostalis cervics
lateral iliocostalis lumborum
lateral iliocostalis thoracis
levatores costarum
quadratus lumborum
subcostals
diaphram
A

rib cage: muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

latissimus dorsi
lateral iliocostalis lumborum
quadratus lumborum

A

chest wall muscles ( Abdominal wall)

33
Q

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

A

chest wall muscles

34
Q
  • pulmonary apparatus and chest wall combine to form a functional unit.
  • linked by pleural membranes.
  • when linked, assume a resting position somewhere in the middle of the two.
  • force of pulmonary aparatas is opposed by an equal and opposite force of the chest wall.
A

pulmonary chest wall unit

35
Q

passive force pressures

active force muscles

A

forces of breathing

36
Q
  • the natural recoil of muscles, cartilages, ligaments, and lung tissue.
  • the surface tension of the aveoli.
  • the pull of gravity.
A

passive force: pressures.

37
Q
  • the actions of the muscles of the chest wall
  • rib cage wall muscles
  • diaphragm
  • abs.
A

active force: muscles

38
Q
  • alveolar pressure: (lungs)
  • MOST important for speech
  • pleural pressure: inside thorax, but outside lungs
  • abdominal pressure: within abdominal cavity.
  • trans-diaphragmatic pressure: difference between pleural and abdominal pressures.
A

passive force: pressures

39
Q

what creates alveolar pressure?

A

lungs

40
Q

what is most important for speech?

A

passive pressures

41
Q

what are most important for speech? passive or active pressures?

A

passive pressures

42
Q

where is pleural pressure created?

A

inside thorax, but outside lungs

43
Q

where is abdominal pressure created?

A

within the abdominal cavity.

44
Q

the difference between pleural and abdominal pressures is?

A

trans-diaphragmatic pressure

45
Q
  • movements of the rib cage wall
  • movements of the diaphragm
  • movements of abdominal wall
A

muscles: active

46
Q

inward (exhale)

outward (inhale)

A

movements of the abdominal wall

47
Q

1) upward and forward, downward and backward. (handle on a water pump)
2) upward and outward, downward and inward (bucket handle )

A

movements of the rib cage wall

  • movements of the diaphragm
  • movements of the abdominal wall
48
Q

______ changes from front to back dimension.
______ changes side to side dimension.
(together in a phase.

A

pump handle

bucket handle

49
Q

Output variables of breathing:

1) volume variable
2) pressure variable
3) shape variable

A

(lung volume)
(alveolar pressure)
(chest wall shape)

50
Q

site of the three-dimensional space: lung volume + lung capacity

A

volume variable

51
Q

the volume of air inspired or expired during the breathing cycle: normal breathing

A

Tidal volume (TV)

52
Q

the maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the tidal end- inspiratory level MAX IN

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

53
Q

the maximum volume of air that can be expired from the tidal end- expiratory level MAX OUT.

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

54
Q

the volume of air remaining at the end of a maximum expiration.

A

Residual volume (RV)

55
Q

the maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the resting end- expiratory level (reach ceiling)

A

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

56
Q

the maximum volume of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration (or inspired after a maximum expiration.

A

vital capacity (VC)

57
Q

the amount of air in the pulmonary apparatus at the resting tidal and expiratory level.

A

functional residual capacity (FRC)

58
Q

the volume of air in the pulmonary apparatus after a maximum inspiration.

A

total lung capacity (TLC)

59
Q

____ = TV + IRV

A

(IC) Inspiratory capacity

60
Q

____ = IC + ERV

A

(VC) Vital capacity

61
Q

____ = ERV + RV

A

(FRC) Functional residual capacity

62
Q

____ = VC + RC

A

(TLC) Total lung capacity

63
Q

force distributed over a surface

A

pressure variable

64
Q

pressure inside the lungs

- measured in centimeters of water or, cmH2O.

A

alveolar pressure

65
Q

configuration of an object, independent of size and volume.

A

shape variable

66
Q

how many cranial nerves are there?

A

4

67
Q

innervate muscles that dilate and larynx and upper airway durning inspiration

A

cranial nerves (4)

68
Q

glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)
hypoglossal (XII)
accessory (XI)

A

the four cranial nerves

69
Q

(22)

A

spinal nerves

70
Q

______ is the passive forces of breathing and ______ is the active forces of breathing.

A

pressures

muscles

71
Q

Broad, thick structure positioned on the front and side of the neck. It originates in two subdivisions, one at the top of the sternal end of the clavicle. Fibers from these subdivisions pass upward and backward and insert into the bony skull behind the ear. When the head is fixed in position, contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle results in elevation of the sternum and clavicle. The force generated is transmitted to the ribs through their connections to the sternum and clavicle. Consequently, the ribs are also elevated.

A

sternocleidomastoid

72
Q

three separate muscles that form a functional group. Positioned on the side of the neck.

A

scalenus anterior
scalenus medius
scalenus posterior

73
Q

originates from the third through sixth cervical vertebrae and runs downward and toward the side to insert along the inner border of the top of the first rib.

A

scalenus anterior

74
Q

muscle arises from the lower six cervical vertebrae and descends along the side of the vertebral column to insert into the first rib behind the point of insertion of the scalenus anterior muscle.

A

scalenus medius

75
Q

muscle originates from the lower two or three cervical vertebrae and passes downward and toward the side to attach to the outer surface of the second rib. When the head is fixed in position, contraction of the scalenus anterior and/ or scalenus medius muscles results in elevation of the first rib, whereas contraction of (this muscle) results in elevation of the second rib.

A

scalenus posterior

76
Q

muscle is broad, fan shaped muscle positioned on the upper front wall of the rib cage. This muscle has a complex origin that includes the front surface of the upper costal cartilages, sternum, and inner half of the clavicle. Fibers run across the front of the rib cage wall and converge to insert into the humerus. When the humerus is held in position, contraction of this muscle pulls the sternum and ribs upward.

A

pectoralis major

77
Q

relatively large, thin muscle. Its fibers originate from the second through fifth ribs near their cartilages. From there, they extend upward and toward the side, where they insert into the front surface of the scapula. When the scapula is fixed in position, contraction of this muscle elevates the second through fifth ribs.

A

pectoralis minor

78
Q

muscle is small that originates from the undersurface of the clavicle. It runs slightly downward and toward the midline, where it attaches at the junction of the first rib an it’s cartilage. When the clavicle is braced, contraction of this muscle elevates the first rib.

A

subclavius

330 SPA (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions