Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CSCS TEST > ch 2 biomechanics of resistance exercise > Flashcards

ch 2 biomechanics of resistance exercise Flashcards

1
Q

study of the mechanisms through which the musculoskeletal components interact to create movement

A

biomechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

muscle origin

A

proximal attachment-toward the center of the body less mobile (anchor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

muscle insertion

A

distal attachment more mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

type of attachment where muscle is directly affixed to the bone (usually at proximal attachment over a wide area)

A

fleshy attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

attachments that are continuous with both the muscle sheaths and CT surrounding the bone

A

fibrous attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

types of fibrous attachments

A

tendons, ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the muscle most directly involved in bringing about movement

A

prime mover agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a muscle that can slow or stop the movement of an agonist is called…

A

antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

muscles that assist in joint stabilization and in breaking at the end of a rapid movement

A

antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a muscle that assists indirectly in a movement

A

synergist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

muscles that don’t act through levers

A

face muscles, tongue, heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1st class lever def and draw

A

a lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fulcrum

A

the pivot point of a lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lever

A

a rigid or semirigid body that, when subjected to a force whose line of action does not pass through its pivot point, exerts force on any object impeding its tendancy to rotate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mechanical advantage

A

the ratio of moment arm through which an applied force acts to that through which a resistive force acts

represented as a ratio of greater than 1.0 (allows the applied muscle force to be less than the resistive force to produce an equal amount of torque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mechanical advantage < 1.0

A

one must apply greater muscle force than the amount of resistive force present (creating a mechanica disadvantage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

moment arm (torque arm, force arm, lever arm)

A

the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

muscle force

A

force generated by biomechanical activity or the stretching of noncontractile tissue, that tends to draw opposite ends of a muscle toward eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

resistive force

A

force generated by a source external to the body (gravity,enertia,friction) that acts contrary to muscle force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

second class lever def and draw

A

a lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum with the muscle force acting on a longer fulcrum than that of the resistive force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

example of a first class lever muscle

A

triceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

example of 2nd class lever muscle

A

calf muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the greater the mechanical advantage, the

A

less force needed to resist external forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

third class lever def and draw

A

a lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm shorter than that of the resistive force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
torque (moment)
the degree to which a force tends to rotate an object about a specific fulcrum the magnitude of a force times the length of its moment arm
26
example of a 3rd class lever system in the body
biceps
27
most muscles that rotate the lims about body joints opperate at a mechanical
disadvantage
28
internal muscle forces are much-----than the forces exerted by the body on external objects
greater
29
mechanical advantage changes during real world activities....give an example
biceps curle...the resistive moment arm changes throughout the movement
30
tendon insertion and mechanical advantage
a person whose tendons are inserted on the bone farther from the joint center shoud be able to lift heavier weights
31
tendons that insert farther from the joint are stronger, but they also have ...
a loss of maximum speed because the muscle has to contract more to make the joint move through a given ROM
32
draw saggital, frontal, and transverse planes
33
important sports movements not usually incorporated into standard resistance training programs
internal/external shoulder rotation (throwing, tennis) knee flexion (sprinting) hip flexion (sprinting, kicking) ankle dorsiflexion (running) hip ABD, ADD (lateral cutting) torso rotation (throwing,batting) neck movements (boxing, wrestling)
34
strength def
the ability to exert force
35
change in velocity per unit time
acceleration
36
force equation
F=MA Newton's second law
37
power def work def
the time rate of doing work where work is defined as: the product of the foce exerted on the object and the distance the object moved
38
work equation
work= force x displacement
39
power equation
power= work/time
40
force is measured in
Newtons
41
distance is measured in
meters
42
work is measured in
joules, newton-meters, or Nm
43
time is measured in
seconds
44
power is measured in
watts
45
when force is exerted on a weight in the direction opposite to the one in which the weight is moving (as when a weight is lowered in a controlled manner), calculated power and work ....
have a negative sign
46
angular displacement
the angle through which an object rotates
47
angular displacement is measured in
radians
48
1 radian (rad) =
180 degrees / pie = 57.3 degrees
49
angular velocity is measured in
radians per second rad/s
50
equation for rotational work
work= torque x angular displacement
51
Strength can be slow or fast...it is the capacity to exert force at...
any given velocity
52
power is the
mathmatical product of force and velocity, whatever the speed.
53
neural control affects the maximal force output of a muscle by determining...
RECRUITMENT which and how many motor units are involved in a muscle contraction RATE CODING the rate at which motor units are fired
54
RATE CODING
THE RATE AT WHICH MOTOR UNITES ARE FIRED
55
MUSCLE RECRUITMENT
WHICH AND HOW MANY MOTOR UNITES ARE RECRUITED FOR CONTRACTION
56
A FORCE A MUSCLE CAN EXERT IS RELATED TO ITS----RATHER THAN TO ITS----
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA RATHAR THAN TO ITS VOLUME
57
PENNATE MUSCLE FIBERS ALIGN
OBLIQUELY WITH THE TENDON
58
ANGLE OF PENNATION
THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE MUSCLE FIBERS AND AN IMAGINARY LINE BETWEEN THE MUSCLES ORIGIN AND INSERTION
59
THE ANGLE OF PENNATION-----AS THE MUSCLE SHORTENS
INCREASES
60
WHEN ARE THE MAXIMAL NUMBER OF CROSS BRIDGE SITES AVAILABLE?
WHEN THE MUSCLE IS AT RESTING LENGTH
61
THE MUSCLE CAN GENERATE ITS GREATEST FORCE AT...
RESTING LENGTH
62
THE FORCE CAPABILITY OF A MUSCLE DECREASES AS...
VELOCITY OF CONTRACTION INCREASES
63
3 TYPES OF MUSCLE ACTION
CONCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION ECCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION ISOMETRIC MUSCLE ACTION
64
CONCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION
THE MUSCLE SHORTENS BIKING AND SWIMMING INVOLVE CONCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY
65
ECCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION
THE MUSCLE LENGTHENS BECAUSE CONTRACTILE FORCE IS LESS THAN RESISTIVE FORCE LOWERING PHASE OF A RESISTANCE EXERCISE
66
ISOMETRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTION
THE MUSCLE LENGTH DOES NOT CHANGE BECAUSE THE CONTRACTILE FORCE IS EQUAL TO THE RESISTIVE FORCE
67
ISOKINETIC TRAINING
SPEED OF MOVEMENT REMAINS CONSTANT
68
SMALLER ATHLETES ARE ---- POUND FOR POUND THAN BIGGER ATHLETES
STRONGER
69
CLASSIC FORMULA
COMPARES STRENGTH BETWEEN DIFFERENT WEIGHT CLASSES LOAD LIFTED / BODY WEIGHT TO THE 2/3 POWER
70
MOST COMMON SOURCES OF RESISTANCE FOR STRENGTH TRAINING EXERCISES
GRAVITY INERTIA FRICTION FLUID RESISTANCE ELASTICITY
71
GRAVITY
THE DOWNWARD FORCE ON AN OBJECT FROM THE PULL OF GRAVITY = OBJECT'S MASS X GRAVITY
72
ADVANTAGES OF WEIGHT MACHINES
SAFETY DESIGN FLEXIBILITY EASE OF USE
73
ADVANTAGES OF FREE WEIGHTS
WHOLE BODY TRAINING SIMULATION OF REAL LIFE ACTIVITIES
74
INERTIAL FORCE CAN ACT IN...
ANY DIRECTION
75
INERTIA AND ACCELERATION PATTERN
THE AGNOIST MUSCLES PROVIDE FORCE IN ACCESS OF THE BAR WEIGHT EARLY IN THE MOVEMENT, BUT LESS THAN THE BAR WEIGHT LATE IN THE MOVEMENT
76
BECAUSE OF INERTIA, HEAVIER WEIGHTS CAN BE USED IN...
ACCELERATIVE EXERCISES AS COMPARED TO SLOW EXERCISES
77
ACCELERATION MAKES RESISTANCE PATTERNS..
LESS PREDICTABLE
78

CSCS TEST (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions