Ch. 2 - Basic Science Concepts

Question 1

explain the somatic vs. autonomic nervous systems

Answer 1

somatic - voluntary; controls muscle movement
autonomic - involuntary; controls digestion, cardiac output, blood pressure

Question 2

explain the parasympathetic vs. sympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

parasympathetic - “rest and digest”; releases ACh –> binds to muscarinic-Rs in skeletal muscles –> SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion)
sympathetic - “fight or flight”; releases Epi + NE –> binds adrenergic-Rs (b1, a1, b2) –> incr BP, HR, bronchodilation, glucose production, pupil dilation

Question 3

explain where Beta-1 receptors are located, and what effects a drug agonist and antagonist would have at these receptors

Answer 3

location: heart

agonist action: incr myocardial contractility, HR, CO
example of drug agonist: dobutamine

antagonist action: decr CO, HR
example of drug antagonist: metoprolol, propranolol, carvedilol

Question 4

explain where Alpha-1 receptors are located, and what effects a drug agonist and antagonist would have at these receptors

Answer 4

location: peripheral

agonist action: smooth muscle vasoconstriction, incr BP
example of drug agonist: phenylephrine

antagonist action: smooth muscle vasodilation, decr BP
example of drug antagonist: carvedilol, doxazosin

Question 5

explain where Alpha-2 receptors are located, and what effects a drug agonist and antagonist would have at these receptors

Answer 5

location: brain, central

agonist action: decr release of epi / NE, decr BP, decr HR
example of drug agonist: clonidine

antagonist action: incr BP, incr HR
example of drug antagonist: ergot alkaloids

Question 6

explain where Beta-2 receptors are located, and what effects a drug agonist and antagonist would have at these receptors

Answer 6

location: lungs

agonist action: bronchodilation
example of drug agonist: albuterol

antagonist action: bronchoconstriction
example of drug antagonist: propranolol, carvedilol