CH 2 Argument Analysis

Question 1

Conclusion

Answer 1

A proposition that an argument tries to prove is true.

Question 2

Premise

Answer 2

A proposition stating evidence, used in an argument to support or backup the conclusion (another proposition).

Question 3

Argument

Answer 3

A unit of reasoning where one or more proposition (the premises) is used to prove the truth of another proposition (conclusion).

Question 4

Deductive Argument

Answer 4

VALID

An argument that attempts to show that its conclusion follows necessarily from the premises

• General premises ➡️ Specific conclusion

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

Property of a deductive argument—when the premises are true, the conclusion must be true as well.

Question 6

Syllogisms

Answer 6

Deductive arguments with two premises and a conclusion.

Question 7

Hypothetical syllogisms

Answer 7

If p then q

Question 8

Disjunctive syllogisms

Answer 8

Either p or q

Question 9

Sound

Answer 9

Valid + True premises

Question 10

Inductive Argument

Answer 10

INVALID

An argument that attempts to show that its conclusion is supported by the premises even though the conclusion amplifies (goes beyond) what the premises state.

• Deals with probabilities
• Specific premises ➡️ General conclusion

Question 11

Strength

Answer 11

The degree to which the premises of an inductive argument support the conclusion.

Question 12

Cogent

Answer 12

Strong + True Premises

Question 13

Implicit Premises

Answer 13

A premise that is assumed by an argument but is not stated