Ch 2 + Appendix B Flashcards
Naturalistic Study
-observe, no interactions
Cons of naturalistic study and how to fix it
- time consuming, distractions, obstacles, bias
- natural thing in lab (more constrained)
Case Study
-1-7 unique cases that are difficult to find
Laboratory Study
- cause and effect
- experiments
Limitations of lab syudy
- loss of spontaneity
- have to wait
- bias
Limitations of case study
-limited sample size, low generalizability
Hawthorne Effect
-people act the way they think you want them to
Biases
- selection
- experimenter
- placebo
Cure for selection bias
-random selection/assignment
Cure for experimenter bias
-double blind
Cure for placebo bias
-exposure to control group
Variability
- tells how spread out scored are from mean
- -> lots = wide + flat
- -> little = all scores close to mean
T-test
-2 groups (mice fed rice and mice fed grain)
F-test
-more than 2 groups (mice fed rice, grain, and chocolate
Correlation
-measuring and determining relation b/w 2 variables
Positive correlation
-one increases, the other one does too
Negative correlation
-one increases, the other decreases
Spurious correlation
-no relation
Strength of correlation
-correlation coefficient = r
=+ and - reflects TYPE not STRENGTH
Correlation graphs
- scatterplots
- line of best fit
- data points
- angle of line reflects correlation
Why correlation studies?
-have access to 2 pieces of info but not able to manipulate variables
Inferential Statistics
- used to test hypothesis
- if results are due to chance or not
- probability=p (p<0.05)
Statistical significance
-significant or not, reliable, nit “important”
