ch 2 a&p Flashcards
where does the pharyngeal portion of the tongue begin?
begins at circumvallate papillae and extends to hyoid bone
list the oral structures
lips, teeth, maxillae, mandible, anterior/posterior faucial pillars, anterior/lateral sulci, tongue, uvula, velum, floor of mouth, palatine tonsils, salivary glands
name the intrinsic tongue muscles
superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, verticle (alter shape)
name the extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus (protrude/retract, elevate/depress)
___in anterior faucial arch, pulls velum down and forward against back of tongue
palatoglossus
___in posterior faucial arch, helps elevate and retract velum (VP closure)
palatopharyngeus
what is the function of saliva?
maintain oral moisture, reduce tooth decay, assist in digestion and is a natural neutralizer of stomach acid that may reflux in esophagus
name the pharyngeal structures
pterygoid plates, velum, tongue base, mandible, hyoid bone, pharynx, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, vallecula, pyriform sinuses
what is cricopharyngeal muscle?
the most inferior structure of the pharynx. muscle fiber attach to the posterolateral surface of the cricoid lamina. tonic (closed) when awake. prevents air from entering esophagus. reduces backflow
name the pharyngeal/laryngeal muscles
suprahyoids, infrahyoids, constrictor muscles, cricopharyngeal muscle
what are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
make up the posterior and lateral walls of the pharynx. superior, middle, inferior
what are the suprahyoids, submentals?
mylohyoid, digastric (anterior belly), geniohyoid
what is the infrahyoid ?
thyrohyoid
what are valleculae?
little valleys formed between epiglottis and tongue. bolus pass over tongue, thru valleculae, into pyriform sinuses, and into esophagus
what are pyriform sinuses?
space between the fold of the aryepiglottic membrane and thyroid cartilage laterally
