Ch. 2 Flashcards
The holy scriptures of Hinduism, traditionally recited by Brahmins and passed down by them orally
Vedas
The affect or emotional state associated with a raga or other artistic expression
Rasa
In music, referring to North Indian musical style
Hindustani
In music, referring to South Indian music style
Carnatic
A school of professional musicians who originally traced their heritage to a family tradition but which now includes non-biological descendants as well
Gharana
Pupil of a Hindu master
Shishya
A Hindu teacher
Guru
A scale and its associated musical characteristics
Raga
Meter
Tala
Raga improvisation in free rhythm
Alap
The section of Hindustani instrumental performance that follows alap and introduces a pulse
Jor
The concluding section of instrumental improvisation following jor in Hindustani music during which the performer makes lively and fast rhythmic patterns on the drone strings of an instrument
Jhala
A formulaic cadential pattern, normally repeated three times with calculated rests between each statement so that the performance ends on sam
Tihai
A rapid and florid kind of improvised melodic passage in Hindustani music
Taan
Rhythmic syllable in Hindustani music
Bol
The first beat in a tala
Sam
Three foundational composers of Carnatic music
The Trinity
The three major song types of Carnatic music, divided into three parts
Kriti
Double-headed, barrel-shaped drum of Carnatic music
Mridangam
Popular songs composed for Indian films
Filmigit
A genre of Sufi Muslim music popular throughout North India and Pakistan, which uses harmonium and tabla, and involves the singing of Persian poetry
Qawwali
Form of Islamic worship involving communal ritual ceremonies featuring participatory practices such as singing, chanting, music and dance
Sufism
A community of itinerant musicians in West Bengal and Bangladesh who preach tolerance and oneness through music and dance
Bauls
What are the two Indian classical music systems?
Hindustani and Carnatic
How was Hindustani music developed?
Developed through an oral transmission, where the musical knowledge was guarded by mainly Muslim families of professional musicians
Who is Baba Allaudin Khan?
He is one of the most well-known sarod players. He was a shishya to Wazir Khan.
What are the four parts of traditional Hindustani music in order?
Begins with alap, which is an improvised section. Next is jor, which introduces the pulse. Next is jhala, which is an instrumental piece with fast patterns. Lastly is tihai, which is a three-section ending pattern.
Which famous music group helped make Hindustani music famous in the West?
The Beatles
What is the origin of Carnatic music?
Stems from the music of South Indian Hindu wandering minstrels in the late 18th century
Who is the grandfather of Carnatic music?
Purandara Dasa
What is the Trinity and what are they famous for?
This is a group of three composers who all sing in different languages and are famous for developing a number of structural forms still used in Carnatic music today
What is the most important difference between Hindustani and Carnatic?
Hindustani is unique for its instrumental, improvised tradition, while Carnatic music is based on compositions whose composers are well-known
What is the difference between the sitar and the veena?
The sitar is held up at an angle on the shoulder, while the veena is laid horizontally across one’s lap. The sitar’s frets are moveable while the veena’s frets are built into the instrument
What European instrument is important to Carnatic music?
The violin is important and used as an accompaniment to a vocal performance or as the lead instrument
What is Bollywood and where did it emerge from?
Bollywood is a large music and film industry in India, which emerged from a lively Indian musical theater scene
How is Qawwali connected to Hindustani music?
Qawwali developed through the work of Amir Khusrao, who is also considered to be a founder of Hindustani
Who is Abida Parveen and why is she important?
She is a highly regarded Qawwali singer who is active in the public eye, such as collaborations and singing shows
What was the Taliban’s effect on music in Afghanistan?
They banned virtually all music, believing that music is sensual. After gaining control of Kabul in 1996, they imprisoned those with cassette tapes and musical instruments were hung in executions
What is the national music and dance of Sri Lanka?
Kendyan Dance
What is Coke Studio?
A show originating in Brazil where performances are held onstage and broadcasted for a viewing public
