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Personality Theories > Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Flashcards

(1) LearnSmart (2) Discussion (3) Quiz (4) Discussion Replies (5) Exam

1
Q

The infantile stage is divided into three subphases:

A

(1) Oral
(2) Anal
(3) Phallic.

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2
Q

The infantile stage encompasses which years of an individual’s life?

A

The first 4 to 5 years.

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3
Q

Freud conceptualized these three regions of the mind:

A

(1) Id
(2) Ego
(3) Superego

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4
Q

The Id may be described in the following terms:

A

(1) It is completely unconscious.
(2) Serves the pleasure principle.
(3) Contains our basic instincts.

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5
Q

The ego may be described in the following terms:

A

(1) It is governed by the reality principle.

(2) It is responsible for reconciling the unrealistic demands of the Id and the Superego

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6
Q

The superego may be described in the following terms:

A

(1) It serves the idealistic principle.

(2) It contains two subsystems, the conscience and the ego-ideal.

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7
Q

The ___________ includes drives and instincts that are beyond awareness but that motivate most human behaviors.

A

unconscious

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8
Q

The ___________ contains images that are not in awareness but that can become conscious either quite easily or with some level of difficulty.

A

preconscious

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9
Q

The _________ includes that which is in full awareness .It plays a relatively minor role in Freudian theory.

A

conscious

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10
Q

Freud’s concept of humanity can be described by the following dimensions of humanity:

A

(1) Deterministic
(2) Pessimistic
(3) Causality
(4) Unconscious determinants
(5) Biological/Evolutionary
(6) A middle position on the dimension of uniqueness versus similarity of people.

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11
Q

On the six criteria of a useful theory, psychoanalysis is rated high for its ability to:

A

(1) Generate Research

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12
Q

On the six criteria of a useful theory, psychoanalysis is rated low insofar as:

A

(1) Openness to Falsification

(2) Internal Consistency

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13
Q

On the six criteria of a useful theory, psychoanalysis is rated average for its ability to:

A

(1) Organize Data
(2) Guide Action
(3) Be Parsimonious

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14
Q

In recent years, many researchers have investigated hypotheses inspired by psychoanalytic theory. This research includes:

A

(1) unconscious mental processing
(2) pleasure and the id: inhibition and the ego
(3) the defense mechanisms
(4) dreams.

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15
Q

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis has endured because it:

A

(1) postulated the primacy of sex and aggression—two universally popular themes
(2) attracted a group of followers who were dedicated to spreading psychoanalytic doctrine
(3) advanced the notion of unconscious motives, which permit varying explanations for the same observations.

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16
Q

Freud believed that psychosexual development goes through a _______ stage—from about age 5 years until puberty—in which the sexual instinct is partially suppressed.

A

latency

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17
Q

The _______ period begins with puberty when adolescents experience a reawakening of the _______ aim of Eros.

A

genital

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18
Q

Freud hinted at a stage of psychological maturity in which the ___ would be in control of the id and superego and in which ____________ would play a more important role in behavior.

A

ego; consciousness

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19
Q

________ __ ___________ refers to those forces that motivate people, instincts and anxiety.

A

Dynamics of personality

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20
Q

_______ __________ operate to protect the ego against the pain of _______.

A

Defense mechanisms; anxiety

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21
Q

_______ __________ operate to protect the ego against the pain of _______.

A

Defense mechanisms; anxiety

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22
Q

Freud grouped all human drives or urges under two primary instincts:

A

(1) Sex (Eros or the life instinct)

2) Aggression (the death or destructive instinct

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23
Q

The theory of personality, approach to psychotherapy, and method of investigation founded by Freud.

A

Psychoanalysis

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24
Q

In 1885, Freud received a traveling grant from the University of Vienna and decided to study in Paris with the famous French neurologist ___________ _______, from whom he learned the ________ technique.

A

Jean-Martin Charcot; hypnotic

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25
Q

A mental disorder marked by the conversion of repressed psychical elements into somatic symptoms such as impotency, paralysis, or blindness, when no physiological bases for these symptoms exist.

A

Hysteria

26
Q

The process of removing or lessening psychological disorders by talking about one’s problems.

A

Catharsis

27
Q

Freud developed a close professional association and a personal friendship with _____ ______, a well-known Viennese physician 14 years older than Freud and a man of considerable scientific reputation, he taught Freud about catharsis.

A

Josef Breuer; catharsis

28
Q

While using catharsis, Freud gradually and laboriously discovered the____ ___________ technique, which soon replaced hypnosis as his principal therapeutic technique.

A

free association

29
Q

Breuer & Freud collaborated to publish “_______ __ ________”, in which Freud coined the term “psychical analysis,” and during the following year, he began calling his approach “psycho-analysis.”

A

“Studies on Hysteria”

30
Q

Freud’s letters to _______ ______ constitute a firsthand account of the beginnings of psychoanalysis and reveal the embryonic stage of Freudian theory.

A

Wilhelm Fliess

31
Q

A somewhat dated term signifying mild personality disorders as opposed to the more severe psychotic reactions. This condition is generally characterized by one or more of the following: anxiety, hysteria, phobias, obsessive-compulsive reactions, depression, chronic fatigue, and hypochondriacal reactions.

A

Neurosis

32
Q

A persistent or recurrent idea, usually involving an urge toward some action.

A

Obsession

33
Q

A condition characterized by depression, neurosis, psychosomatic ailments, and an intense preoccupation with some form of creative activity.

A

Creative Illness

34
Q

“Psychopathology of Everyday Life” (1901) introduced the world to ________ _____.

A

Freudian slips

35
Q

“Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” (1905) established ___ as the cornerstone of psychoanalysis.

A

sex

36
Q

“Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious” (1905) proposed that _____, like dreams and Freudian slips, have an unconscious meaning.

A

jokes

37
Q

In 1902, Freud led a small group of somewhat younger Viennese physicians to form the _________ _____________ _______ in the fall of that year.

A

Wednesday Psychological Society

38
Q

The five men that founded the Wednesday Psychological Society were _____, ______ _____, _______ ______, ___ ______, and ______ _______, with _____ as discussion leader.

A

(1) Freud
(2) Alfred Adler
(3) Wilhelm Stekel
(4) Max Kahane
(5) Rudolf Reitler

39
Q

In 1908, the Wednesday Psychological Society adopted a more formal name: the ______ ______________ _______.

A

Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

40
Q

In 1910, Freud and his followers founded the _____________ ______________ ___________ with Carl Jung of Zürich as president.

A

International Psychoanalytic Association

41
Q

In 1910, Freud and his followers founded the International Psychoanalytic Association with ____ ____ of Zürich as president.

A

Carl Jung

42
Q

Following World War I, Freud made important revisions in his theory, such as the elevation of __________ to a level equal to that of the sexual drive, the inclusion of __________ as one of the defenses of the ego; and his attempt to clarify the ______ _______ _______, which he was never able to completely accomplish.

A

aggression; repression; female Oedipus complex

43
Q

All those elements of which a person is unaware. Two levels of the ___________ are the ___________ ______ and the ___________. These ideas can surface in a person’s mind only through great resistance and difficulty.

A

unconscious; unconscious proper; preconscious

44
Q

Those mental elements in awareness at any given time.

A

conscious

45
Q

Mental elements that are currently not in awareness, but that can become conscious with varying degrees of difficulty.

A

Preconscious

46
Q

The blocking or inhibiting of an activity either by a conscious act of the will or by an outside agent such as parents or other authority figures.

A

Suppression

47
Q

The forcing of unwanted, anxiety-laden experiences into the unconscious as a defense against the pain of that anxiety. Simply put, it is the unconscious blocking of anxiety-producing experiences.

A

Repression

48
Q

Unconscious inherited images that have been passed down to us through many generations of repetition. A concept used by both Freud and Klein.

A

Phylogenetic Endowment

49
Q

The unconscious has two different levels, the ___________ _______ and the ____________.

A

unconscious proper; preconscious

50
Q

The content of the preconscious is derived from two sources, _________ __________ and the ___________.

A

conscious perception; unconscious

51
Q

Ideas can reach the conscious from two sources, the __________ __________ system and the ______ __________.

A

perceptual conscious; mental structure

52
Q

The system that perceives external stimuli through sight, sound, taste, and the like and that communicates them to the conscious system.

A

Perceptual Conscious

53
Q

The level of personality that is alien to the ego because it includes experiences that have never been owned by the person. This is the home base for all the instincts, and its sole function is to produce pleasure regardless of consequences.

A

The Id

54
Q

The moral or ethical processes of personality. It has two subsystems - the conscience, which tells us what is wrong, and the ego-ideal, which tells us what is right.

A

The Superego

55
Q

The province of the mind that refers to the “I” or those experiences that are owned (not necessarily consciously) by the person. As the only region of the mind in contact with the real world, this province is said to serve the reality principle.

A

The Ego

56
Q

A reference to the motivation of the Id to seek immediate reduction of tension through the gratification of instinctual drives.

A

The Pleasure Principle

57
Q

A reference to the ego, which must realistically arbitrate the conflicting demands of the id, the superego, and the external world.

A

The Reality Principle

58
Q

Results from experiences with punishments for improper behavior and tells us what we should not do.

A

The Conscience

59
Q

Develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tells us what we should do.

A

The Ego-Ideal

60
Q

Reference to the conscience, a subsystem of the superego that tells people what they should not do.

A

The Moralistic Principle

61
Q

Reference to the ego-ideal, a subsystem of the superego that tells people what they should do.

A

The Idealistic Principle

Personality Theories (2 decks)

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