Ch. 2 Flashcards
(1) LearnSmart (2) Discussion (3) Quiz (4) Discussion Replies (5) Exam
The infantile stage is divided into three subphases:
(1) Oral
(2) Anal
(3) Phallic.
The infantile stage encompasses which years of an individual’s life?
The first 4 to 5 years.
Freud conceptualized these three regions of the mind:
(1) Id
(2) Ego
(3) Superego
The Id may be described in the following terms:
(1) It is completely unconscious.
(2) Serves the pleasure principle.
(3) Contains our basic instincts.
The ego may be described in the following terms:
(1) It is governed by the reality principle.
(2) It is responsible for reconciling the unrealistic demands of the Id and the Superego
The superego may be described in the following terms:
(1) It serves the idealistic principle.
(2) It contains two subsystems, the conscience and the ego-ideal.
The ___________ includes drives and instincts that are beyond awareness but that motivate most human behaviors.
unconscious
The ___________ contains images that are not in awareness but that can become conscious either quite easily or with some level of difficulty.
preconscious
The _________ includes that which is in full awareness .It plays a relatively minor role in Freudian theory.
conscious
Freud’s concept of humanity can be described by the following dimensions of humanity:
(1) Deterministic
(2) Pessimistic
(3) Causality
(4) Unconscious determinants
(5) Biological/Evolutionary
(6) A middle position on the dimension of uniqueness versus similarity of people.
On the six criteria of a useful theory, psychoanalysis is rated high for its ability to:
(1) Generate Research
On the six criteria of a useful theory, psychoanalysis is rated low insofar as:
(1) Openness to Falsification
(2) Internal Consistency
On the six criteria of a useful theory, psychoanalysis is rated average for its ability to:
(1) Organize Data
(2) Guide Action
(3) Be Parsimonious
In recent years, many researchers have investigated hypotheses inspired by psychoanalytic theory. This research includes:
(1) unconscious mental processing
(2) pleasure and the id: inhibition and the ego
(3) the defense mechanisms
(4) dreams.
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis has endured because it:
(1) postulated the primacy of sex and aggression—two universally popular themes
(2) attracted a group of followers who were dedicated to spreading psychoanalytic doctrine
(3) advanced the notion of unconscious motives, which permit varying explanations for the same observations.
Freud believed that psychosexual development goes through a _______ stage—from about age 5 years until puberty—in which the sexual instinct is partially suppressed.
latency
The _______ period begins with puberty when adolescents experience a reawakening of the _______ aim of Eros.
genital
Freud hinted at a stage of psychological maturity in which the ___ would be in control of the id and superego and in which ____________ would play a more important role in behavior.
ego; consciousness
________ __ ___________ refers to those forces that motivate people, instincts and anxiety.
Dynamics of personality
_______ __________ operate to protect the ego against the pain of _______.
Defense mechanisms; anxiety
_______ __________ operate to protect the ego against the pain of _______.
Defense mechanisms; anxiety
Freud grouped all human drives or urges under two primary instincts:
(1) Sex (Eros or the life instinct)
2) Aggression (the death or destructive instinct
The theory of personality, approach to psychotherapy, and method of investigation founded by Freud.
Psychoanalysis
In 1885, Freud received a traveling grant from the University of Vienna and decided to study in Paris with the famous French neurologist ___________ _______, from whom he learned the ________ technique.
Jean-Martin Charcot; hypnotic
A mental disorder marked by the conversion of repressed psychical elements into somatic symptoms such as impotency, paralysis, or blindness, when no physiological bases for these symptoms exist.
Hysteria
The process of removing or lessening psychological disorders by talking about one’s problems.
Catharsis
Freud developed a close professional association and a personal friendship with _____ ______, a well-known Viennese physician 14 years older than Freud and a man of considerable scientific reputation, he taught Freud about catharsis.
Josef Breuer; catharsis
While using catharsis, Freud gradually and laboriously discovered the____ ___________ technique, which soon replaced hypnosis as his principal therapeutic technique.
free association
Breuer & Freud collaborated to publish “_______ __ ________”, in which Freud coined the term “psychical analysis,” and during the following year, he began calling his approach “psycho-analysis.”
“Studies on Hysteria”
Freud’s letters to _______ ______ constitute a firsthand account of the beginnings of psychoanalysis and reveal the embryonic stage of Freudian theory.
Wilhelm Fliess
A somewhat dated term signifying mild personality disorders as opposed to the more severe psychotic reactions. This condition is generally characterized by one or more of the following: anxiety, hysteria, phobias, obsessive-compulsive reactions, depression, chronic fatigue, and hypochondriacal reactions.
Neurosis
A persistent or recurrent idea, usually involving an urge toward some action.
Obsession
A condition characterized by depression, neurosis, psychosomatic ailments, and an intense preoccupation with some form of creative activity.
Creative Illness
“Psychopathology of Everyday Life” (1901) introduced the world to ________ _____.
Freudian slips
“Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” (1905) established ___ as the cornerstone of psychoanalysis.
sex
“Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious” (1905) proposed that _____, like dreams and Freudian slips, have an unconscious meaning.
jokes
In 1902, Freud led a small group of somewhat younger Viennese physicians to form the _________ _____________ _______ in the fall of that year.
Wednesday Psychological Society
The five men that founded the Wednesday Psychological Society were _____, ______ _____, _______ ______, ___ ______, and ______ _______, with _____ as discussion leader.
(1) Freud
(2) Alfred Adler
(3) Wilhelm Stekel
(4) Max Kahane
(5) Rudolf Reitler
In 1908, the Wednesday Psychological Society adopted a more formal name: the ______ ______________ _______.
Vienna Psychoanalytic Society
In 1910, Freud and his followers founded the _____________ ______________ ___________ with Carl Jung of Zürich as president.
International Psychoanalytic Association
In 1910, Freud and his followers founded the International Psychoanalytic Association with ____ ____ of Zürich as president.
Carl Jung
Following World War I, Freud made important revisions in his theory, such as the elevation of __________ to a level equal to that of the sexual drive, the inclusion of __________ as one of the defenses of the ego; and his attempt to clarify the ______ _______ _______, which he was never able to completely accomplish.
aggression; repression; female Oedipus complex
All those elements of which a person is unaware. Two levels of the ___________ are the ___________ ______ and the ___________. These ideas can surface in a person’s mind only through great resistance and difficulty.
unconscious; unconscious proper; preconscious
Those mental elements in awareness at any given time.
conscious
Mental elements that are currently not in awareness, but that can become conscious with varying degrees of difficulty.
Preconscious
The blocking or inhibiting of an activity either by a conscious act of the will or by an outside agent such as parents or other authority figures.
Suppression
The forcing of unwanted, anxiety-laden experiences into the unconscious as a defense against the pain of that anxiety. Simply put, it is the unconscious blocking of anxiety-producing experiences.
Repression
Unconscious inherited images that have been passed down to us through many generations of repetition. A concept used by both Freud and Klein.
Phylogenetic Endowment
The unconscious has two different levels, the ___________ _______ and the ____________.
unconscious proper; preconscious
The content of the preconscious is derived from two sources, _________ __________ and the ___________.
conscious perception; unconscious
Ideas can reach the conscious from two sources, the __________ __________ system and the ______ __________.
perceptual conscious; mental structure
The system that perceives external stimuli through sight, sound, taste, and the like and that communicates them to the conscious system.
Perceptual Conscious
The level of personality that is alien to the ego because it includes experiences that have never been owned by the person. This is the home base for all the instincts, and its sole function is to produce pleasure regardless of consequences.
The Id
The moral or ethical processes of personality. It has two subsystems - the conscience, which tells us what is wrong, and the ego-ideal, which tells us what is right.
The Superego
The province of the mind that refers to the “I” or those experiences that are owned (not necessarily consciously) by the person. As the only region of the mind in contact with the real world, this province is said to serve the reality principle.
The Ego
A reference to the motivation of the Id to seek immediate reduction of tension through the gratification of instinctual drives.
The Pleasure Principle
A reference to the ego, which must realistically arbitrate the conflicting demands of the id, the superego, and the external world.
The Reality Principle
Results from experiences with punishments for improper behavior and tells us what we should not do.
The Conscience
Develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tells us what we should do.
The Ego-Ideal
Reference to the conscience, a subsystem of the superego that tells people what they should not do.
The Moralistic Principle
Reference to the ego-ideal, a subsystem of the superego that tells people what they should do.
The Idealistic Principle
