CH 2

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

the structure of matter

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

simplest form of matter with unique chemical properties

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

Smallest unit of element

Question 4

Proton, Neutron, Electron

Answer 4

Positive, neutral, Negative

Question 5

How many Elements do the human body contain

Answer 5

24

Question 6

98.5% of body weight consists of

Answer 6

O, C, H, N, Ca, P

only 6 of the 24

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

center of atom (protons & neutrons)

Question 8

Electron shell

Answer 8

surround the nucleus

Question 9

Valence Electrons in the outermost shell

Answer 9

• interact with other atoms; determine behavior

- Noble gases do not interact

Question 10

Isotopes

Answer 10

2 or more elements with equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 11

Ion

Answer 11

carry a charge due to an unequal number of protons and electrons

Question 12

ionization

Answer 12

transfer of electrons from one atom to another ( stability of valence shell)

Question 13

Anion

Answer 13

atom that gained electrons (net negative charge)

Question 14

Cation

Answer 14

atom that lost an electron (net positive charge)

Question 15

Molecule

Answer 15

two or more atoms of the same element covalently bonded

Question 16

Compounds

Answer 16

: two or more atoms of different elements covalently bonded

Question 17

Ionic bond

Answer 17

Are atoms with positive or negative charge
Ionic bonds are weak and dissociate in water
These compounds tend to form crystals

Question 18

covalent bond

Answer 18

sharing electrons

strong electron bonds

Question 19

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 19

weak polar bonds

-Hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules cause surface tension

Question 20

Water

Answer 20

universal solvent

50-75% of body weight

Question 21

water is the most

Answer 21

soluble element

Question 22

4 properties of water

Answer 22

solubility,reactivity, high heat capacity, lubrication

Question 23

Hydrophilic:

Answer 23

philos = loving; reacts with water

Question 24

Hydrophobic:

Answer 24

phobos = fear; does not react with water

Question 25

Electrolytes

Answer 25

• Salts that ionize in water to form body fluids

- capable of conducting electricity

Question 26

Electrolyte importance

Answer 26

chemical reactivity
osmotic effects (influence water movement)
electrical effects on nerve and muscle tissue

Question 27

Acid

Answer 27

is proton donor (releases H+ ions)

pH

Question 28

Base

Answer 28

proton acceptor (accepts H+ ions)
pH>7

Question 29

pH

Answer 29

the concentration of H+ ions in solution

Question 30

Physiological pH is

Answer 30

7.4

Question 31

pH of blood ranges from

Answer 31

7.35- 7.45

Question 32

3 types of Chemical reactions

Answer 32

1. Decomposition reactions (catabolism) or Hydrolysis (water decomposition)
2. Synthesis reactions (anabolism) or Dehydration syntheses (condensation)
3. Exchange reactions

Question 33

metabolism

Answer 33

All the chemical reactions of the body

Question 34

Catobilism

Answer 34

energy releasing (exergonic) decomposition reactions

Question 35

Anabolism

Answer 35

energy storing (endergonic) synthesis reactions; requires energy input

Question 36

Nutrients

Answer 36

essential molecules obtained from food

Question 37

Metabolites

Answer 37

molecules made or broken down in the body

Question 38

Organic

Answer 38

molecules based on carbon and hydrogen

Question 39

inorganic

Answer 39

molecules not based on carbon and hydrogen

Question 40

Organic Chemistry

Answer 40

Study of compounds containing carbon

Question 41

Carbon

Answer 41

Only 4 valence electrons
bonds readily to gain more
valence electrons

Question 42

Carbohydrates

Answer 42

quick catabolized source of energy

Question 43

Simple Sugars

Answer 43

Monosaccharides

Question 44

2 simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis (sucrose,

Answer 44

Disaccharides

Question 45

Chains of many simple sugars

(glycogen, starch, cellulose

Answer 45

Polysaccharides