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Endo > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What can be accomplished by apexification

A

Apical closure, but NOT root elongation.

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2
Q

What is MTA

A

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

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3
Q

What are two material used for pulp caping

A

MTA

Calcium Hydroxide

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4
Q

What is pulpectomy

A

The complete surgical removal of the vital pulp

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5
Q

What is apexification

A

Induction of a calcified or and artificial barrier in a root with an open apex or the continued apical development of an incompletely formed root in teeth with a necrotic pulp

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6
Q

What is apexogenesis

A

A vital pulp therapy procedure perfomed to enable continued physiologic development and formation of the root end; the term frequently used to describe vital pulp therapy that encourages the continuation of this process.

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7
Q

What is the most important property of ZOE

A

Prevents microleakage of bacterial cells, thereby reducing hypersensitivity and providing antimicrobial properties.

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8
Q

What is the ultimate goal of endo treatment

A

Prevent the development of apical periodontitis or

create adequate conditions for periradicular tissue healing.

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of of pulpal exposure

A

caries

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10
Q

What is anachoresis

A

process by which microorganisms are transported by the blood or lymph to an area of tissue damage, where they leave the vessel, enter the tissue and establish and infection.

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11
Q

Primary infections have a dominance of what type of bacteria

A

Obligate anaerobic bacteria

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12
Q

What gram negative bacteria is most commonly found in endo infections

A 
Dialister
Porphyromonas
Tannerella
prevoterlla
Fusobacterium
Campylobacter
Pyramidobacter
Catonella
Selenomonas
Centipeda
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13
Q

What gram positive bacteria is most commonly found in endo infections

A 
Actinomyces
Pseudoramibacter
Filifactor
Eubacterium
Mogibacterium
Propionibacterium
Eggerthella
Olsenella
Bifidobacterium
Slackia
Atopobium
Solobacterium
Lactobacillus
Actinomyces
Corynebacterium
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14
Q

What sources of nutrients are available to bacteria within the root canal system

A

Necrotic pulp tissue
Proteins and glycoproteins from tissue fluids that seep in
Components of saliva that may coronally penetrate
Products of metabolism of other bacteria

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15
Q

What does planktonic mean

A

unattached

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16
Q

Gram negative bacteria are very sensitive to

A

strong oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite

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17
Q

What type of bacteria is most likely found post-instrumentation and post-medication

A

Gram-pos bacteria

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18
Q

What are PAMPS

A

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns

19
Q

What are PRRs

A

Patterns Recognition Receptors

20
Q

TLR4

A

LPS, lipid A; Gram neg bac

21
Q

TLR5

A

Flagelin; bacteria flagellum

22
Q

TLR3

A

dsRNA; Virus

23
Q

TLR7,8

A

SSRNA; Virus

24
Q

TLR9

A

CpG DNA; Bacteria DNA

25
Q

PRR

A

PAMP; pathogen

26
Q

What are some factors that may result in pulpal necrosis and the development of periradicular pathosis

A

Increased tissue pressure
Inability of the pulp to expand
Lack of collateral circulation.

27
Q

What are the Sx of reversible pulpitis

A

Usually asymptomatic

Sharp transient pain with stimuli (hot/cold), removal of stimuli results in immediate relief.

28
Q

What is irreversible pulpitis

A

Severe inflammatory process that does not resolve, even if the cause is removed. Pulp is incapable of healing and slowly or rapidly becomes necrotic.
symptomatic/asymptomatic

29
Q

What are the Sx of irreversible pulpitis

A

Usually asymptomatic but,
May be:
associated with intermittent or continuos episodes of spontaneous pain (with no external stimuli).
Pain might be: sharp, dull, localized or diffused and last from a few minutes to a few hours.
Application of stimuli may result in prolonged pain.
Application of cold might result in pain relief for patients.

30
Q

What is hyperplastic pulpitis (pulp polyp)

A

Form of irreversible pulpitis that originates from overgrowth of a chronically inflamed young pulp onto the occlusal surface.
Usually asymptomatic

31
Q

What is calcific metamorphosis

A

Extensive formation of hard tissue on dentin walls, often in response to irritation or death and replacement of odontoblasts

32
Q

Teeth with necrotic pulps are usually sensitive to

A

palpation and percussion due to spread of inflammatory reactions to periradicual tissues

33
Q

Lesions associated with significant symptoms such as pain or swelling are referred to as

A

Acute (symptomatic)

34
Q

Lesions associated with mild or no symptoms are identified as

A

Chronic (asymptomatic)

35
Q

What is SAP

A

Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis

36
Q

What is AAP

A

Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis

Results from pulp necrosis and is usually a sequel to SAP

37
Q

What are the Sx of AAP

A

No respons to electrical or thermal stimuli
Percussion produces little or no pain.
Possible slight sensitivity to palpation; indicating an alteration of the cortical plate of bone and extension into the soft tissues.

38
Q

What is a periapical granuloma

A 
Granulomatous tissue infiltrated by:
Mast cells
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Leukocytes
PMN's
39
Q

What is an apical/radicular cyst

A

central cavity filled with an eosinophilic fluid or semisolid material and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

40
Q

Where does the epithelium from a cyst come from

A

remnants of Hertwig’s epithelial sheaths, the cell rests of Malassez. These cells proliferate in response to inflammatory stimuli.

41
Q

What is condensing osteitis

A

Variant of AAP, represents an increase in trabecular bone in response to persisting irritation.

42
Q

What is AAA

A

Acute Apical Abscess.
Localized or diffuse liquefaction lesion of pulpal origin that destroys periradicular tissues and a severe inflammatory response to microbial and nonbacterial irritants from a necrotic pulp.

43
Q

What are the Sx of AAA

A

Rapid onset and spontaneous pain.
Moderate to severe discomform and or swelling.
No swelling if abscess is confined to bone.
Occasional systemic manifestations: fever, malaise
No response to electrical or thermal stimulation.
Painful to percussion/palpation

44
Q

What is CAA

A

Inflammatory lesion of pulpal origin characterized by the presence of a long standing lesion that has resulted in an abscess that drains to a mucosal (sinus tract) or skin surface.

Endo (15 decks)

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